论城市社区管理中存在的问题与对策研究
徐琳
摘要：随着城市发展进程不断地加快，新形势、新任务、新环境、新挑战将我国的社区发展提上了议程。党的第十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》关于健全城乡发展一体化体制机制中强调，要继续不断统筹城乡基础设施建设和社区建设。社区建设关系到社区的良好建设与发展、地区经济的进步以及文化的传播等进而影响我国整个社会的和谐与发展。
本文以深圳市坪山新区为案例，实证研究当前我国一段时期内如何加强和创新基层社区社会管理问题。通过分析国内外基层社区社会管理的现状，对本学科领域相应的国内与国外研究情况进行总结和归纳，发掘新型的研究思路和研究方法，指导对坪山新区社区社会管理情况的实证分析；同时结合我国其他地方基层社区社会管理的实际，归纳我国基层社区社会管理存在的问题，并针对存在的相应问题，提出加强与创新基层社区社会管理的可行性对策。
本文是一个“以点到面”的研究，通过深圳市坪山新区这个具有典型特征的案例，结合我国社区社会管理发展的实际，分析我国基层社区社会管理存在的普遍问题。通过深圳市坪山新区这个典型案例，我们发现我国基层社区社会管理存在以下问题：基础设施建设滞后，社区管理秩序紊乱；产业发展结构畸形，社区土地产出率低；文化传承氛围淡化，社区特色难以彰显；主管职能划分混乱，社区自治能力薄弱；基层服务水平低下，社区居民缺乏幸福。通过分析存在这些问题的原因，文章对如何加强和创新基层社区社会管理提出了对策：完善基础设施配套，创建新型民生服务模式；推动产业结构转型，推广新型土地规划政策；凝聚核心特色文化，发展新型区域文化品牌；增强自我治理效能，架构新型基层民主体系；健全社区服务规范，建立新型基层社区组织。通过这些新型体系的构建及共同作用的发挥，能够为我国基层社区社会管理提供新的发展思路和方法，促进基层社区社会的改革与发展。
关键词：基层社区; 社会管理; 问题; 对策；
Abstract
With the development of the constantly accelerating process of the cities.,the new situation and new tasks and new environment and new challenges put the development of the country’s community on the agenda.The third plenary session of the 18″The certain major issue decisions about comprehensively deepen reform of the central committee of the communist party of China”emphasize and improve the system of the integration of urban and rural development mechanism.And we should continue to balance urban and rural infrastructure construction and community construction.The Construction of Community is related to the good construction and development of the community,and the progress of regional economy and the dissemination of culture,in turn,affects the whole social harmony and development in our country.
This article take ping mountain district as a typical case,through the research of Shenzhen Pingshan district combines the actual conditions of community social management development in our country,analyzes the common problems of the grassroots community social management.we found that our country grass-roots community social management exist the following problems:infrastructure construction is lag,community management is disorder;the deformity of industrial development,community land output is low;the cultural heritage atmosphere and community characteristics are difficult to display;In charge of functional disorder and weak community autonomy;the basic service level is low,the community residents are lack of happiness.Through the analysis of the causes of these problems,the article on t how to strengthen the social management and innovation of grassroots community put forward the countermeasures:improve the infrastructure facilities,create a new service mode of the people’s livelihood;Promote transformation of the industrial structure,promote the new policy of land use planning;Condensing core characteristic culture,development of new regional culture brand;Strengthen self governance efficiency and architecture of new democracy at the grassroots level system;Improve the community service specification,establish new grassroots community organizations.Through the construction of the new system and the joint action of the play,we can provide a new development for our country grass-roots community social management ideas and methods and even more promote the reform and development of grass-roots community society.
Keywords:Grass roots community;Community
