摘要
无线传感器网络是当前在国际上备受关注的、涉及多学科高度交叉、知识高度集成的前沿热点研究领域．它综合了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、现代网络及无线通信技术、分布式信息处理技术等，能够通过各类集成化的微型传感器协作地实时监测、感知和采集各种环境或监测对象的信息，这些信息通过无线方式被发送，并以自组多跳的网络方式传送到用户终端，从而实现物理世界、计算世界以及人类社会三元世界的连通．传感器网络具有十分广阔的应用前景，在军事国防、工农业、城市管理、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等许多重要领域都有潜在的实用价值，已经引起了许多国家学术界和工业界的高度重视，被认为是对21世纪产生巨大影响力的技术之一．
论文介绍了无线传感器网络的研究背景和研究内容，并结合例子应用讨论了无线传感器网络的信息采集过程。可以看到，资源有限是无线传感器网络与生俱来的限制，尽可能的减少数据在传输过程中出现数据丢失和丢包等现象，是目前研究无线传感器网络的一个热点。在相关研究成果中介绍了减少冗余信息传输的网内处理方法—数据融合，但是数据融合不能完美的解决所有问题，所以紧接着对可靠性问题进行了研究，分析了目前提出的多点覆盖、多路径传输、数据重传等方法。第四、五章为本文核心。第四章阐述了所提出的相关性数据可靠传输协议的原理，从紧急事件上报的应用场景入手，分析了网络模型和信息模型，提出了信息价值量的概念，研究了邻居节点信息价值量贡献对于信息可靠传输的作用，具体阐述了可靠传输协议的基本原理，最后还讨论了和其他路由协议的结合。第五章介绍了相关性数据可靠传输协议在无线传感器网络中的实现，主要包括路由的建立和维护过程、数据上报过程、数据监听过程、数据转发过程等。
关键字:无线传感器网络；数据可靠性传输协议；多路径传输。
ABSTRACT
The wireless sensor network is current internationally receives the attention, to involve the front hot spot research area which multi-disciplinary highly overlapping, the knowledge integrates highly. It synthesized the sensor technology, the embedded computation technology, the modern network and the wireless communication technology, the distributional information processing and management technology and so on, can through the various groups Cheng Hua miniature sensor cooperation real-time monitor, the sensation and gathers each kind of environment or the monitor object information, these information are transmitted through the wireless way, and by the network way which jumps from the group transmits to the user terminal, thus realizes the physical world, the computation world as well as the human society three Yuan world connection. The sensor network has the very broad application prospect, in the military national defense, the industry and agriculture, the urban management, the biological medical service.
The thesis prospects the characteristics and applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and discuses the process of information gathering with an example. Because WSNs are constrained by resources,many researches are trying to economize the limited resources. In the related work,we first analyze the method of in-network processing-data aggregation, which could successfully decrease the redundant information. However, it could not solve all the problems mentioned, so we then study the methods of reliable transmission, including multi-coverage, multi-path and data retransmission.
Chapter IV focuses on the principle of reliable transmission protocol of correlation data. Beginning with a scenario of emergency reporting, it explores the network model and information model, and presents the concept of information value to measure the usefulness of data packets. It also provides the method to compute the neighbor contribution of information value according to data correlation. At last, it discusses the way of reliable transmission using existing routing protocols. Chapter Vdescribes the implementation of the reliable transmission protocol of correlation data,including the processes of routing establishment and maintenance, data reporting, data monitoring, data forwarding, etc.
KEY WORDS: Wireless Sensor Networks; Data reliability transport protocols; Multi-path transmission.
目录
第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………………………1
第二章 阐述无线传感器网络体系结构及特点………………………………………3
2.1无线传感器网络体系结构…………………………………………………………3
2.1.1无线传感器网络结构………………………………………………………3
2.1.2无线传感器节点结构………………………………………………………4
2.1.3无线传感器网络协议栈结构………………………………………………4
2.2无线传感器网络特点………………………………………………………………6
2.3无线传感器的组网模式……………………………………………………………7
2.4小结…………………………………………………………………………………7
第三章 数据的融合算法进行分析比较………………………………………………8
3.1数据融合算法………………………………………………………………………8
3.1.1数据融合概述………………………………………………………………8
3.1.2数据融合算法………………………………………………………………8
3.1.3数据融合的局限性…………………………………………………………9
3.2数据上报……………………………………………………………………………9
3.2.1上报数据的格式……………………………………………………………9
3.2.2节点存储结构………………………………………………………………10
3.2.3时钟控制与事件发现………………………………………………………11
3.2.4事件上报……………………………………………………………………12
3.3数据监听…………………………………………………………………………12
3.4数据转发…………………………………………………………………………12
3.5小结………………………………………………………………………………12
第四章 目前数据的可靠性算法进行分析比较……………………………………13
4.1应用场景…………………………………………………………………………13
4.2可靠性算法………………………………………………………………………13
4.2.1可靠性算法概述……………………………………………………………13
4.2.2多点覆盖……………………………………………………………………14
4.2.3多路径传输…………………………………………………………………14
4.2.4数据重传……………………………………………………………………15
4.3相关性数据的可靠传输协议……………………………………………………16
4.3.1基本原理……………………………………………………………………16
4.3.2路由协议选择………………………………………………………………17
4.4小结………………………………………………………………………………19
第五章 数据的可靠传输进行相关性分析与研究…………………………………20
5.1网络模型…………………………………………………………………………20
5.1.1网络拓扑结构………………………………………………………………21
5.1.2节点部署……………………………………………………………………21
5.1.3 MAC层协议…………………………………………………………………21
5.1.4节点定位技术………………………………………………………………21
5.1.5信息感知模型………………………………………………………………22
5.2信息模型…………………………………………………………………………22
5.2.1信息价值量…………………………………………………………………22
5.2.2数据相关性…………………………………………………………………22
5.2.3节点信息价值量贡献………………………………………………………23
5.3无线传感器的支撑技术…………………………………………………………23
5.4节点工作过程总结………………………………………………………………24
5.5小结………………………………………………………………………………24
第六章 数据的可靠传输方案的具体实现与应用…………………………………25
6.1实现数据的可靠传输……………………………………………………………25
6.1.1信息价值量…………………………………………………………………25
6.1.2节点密度的影响……………………………………………………………25
6.2传输时延…………………………………………………………………………26
6.3感知半径的影响…………………………………………………………………27
6.4收敛性……………………………………………………………………………27
6.5无线传感的应用…………………………………………………………………28
6.6性能分析总结……………………………………………………………………39
6.7 小结………………………………………………………………………………30
结束语…………………………………………………………………………………31
致谢……………………………………………………………………………………32
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………33
