大班幼儿同伴冲突的起因及应对策略研究
摘要：幼儿园中，同伴对于一个幼儿来说是很重要的存在，他们之间相互的良性的互动和沟通交流能培养同学之间的友谊。但是，在交往过程中总会出现冲突，我们应该正确认识冲突，不要认为一定要严令禁止它的出现，从平淡接受到正确理解再到合理科学的解决冲突，才是我们对待冲突应该有的态度。尤其是身为幼儿园中的教育者，更要抓住冲突的教育价值，利用突发的冲突适当引导、教育孩子们正确处理，从而教会孩子们与伙伴交流沟通的技能方法，培养他们解决困难的能力，树立其在交往过程中的自信心，利用每一次机会帮助幼儿成长。
为了得到最真实的冲突情景，研究者深入到大班幼儿园中，每日观察记录，力图还原最真实的案例情况。记录内容包括冲突的双方、起因、场所、过程和最终结果。
因此，本文研究方法是观察法和访谈法，研究内容主要是首先对冲突等基本概念进行界定，再次对记录的案例进行整理归纳，总结其特点，最后根据以上分析提出解决大班幼儿冲突的正确策略。
关键词： 幼儿冲突；起因；策略
Study on the causes and coping strategies of preschool children’s peer conflicts
Abstract: in the kindergarten, the companion is very important to a child’s existence, their mutual interaction and communication can cultivate the friendship between the students. However, there always conflict in the communication process, we should have a correct understanding of the conflict, do not think that we must strictly prohibit it, from the plain to the understanding to accept conflict resolution is reasonable, we should have the attitude towards the conflict. Especially for kindergarten education, but also to seize the educational value of the conflict, the conflict of proper guidance, emergency education children properly, to teach children and partner communication skills, cultivate their ability to solve problems, in the process to establish its self-confidence, use every the opportunity to help children grow up.
In order to get the real conflict situation, research into the kindergarten class, daily observation, trying to restore the most real case. Records include conflicts between the parties, causes, places, processes, and final results.
Therefore, the research method of this paper is the observation method and interview method, the main content is firstly the basic concept of conflict is defined again on the record of the case was summarized, summarizes its characteristics, finally according to the above analysis put forward the correct strategy to solve the conflict of children.
Key words: peer conflict; case; solution
目 录
插表索引………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
（一）研究缘起………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
（二）研究意义………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
（三）国内外相关研究的文献综述………………………………………………………….. 2
1.国内研究综述………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2.国外有关幼儿同伴冲突的相关研究………………………………………………… 3
（四）研究方法………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
1.文献法…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.案例法…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
3.观察访谈法……………………………………………………………………………………. 4
一、 有关概念……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
（一）冲突的界定…………………………………………………………………………………… 4
（二）幼儿冲突行为的概念…………………………………………………………………….. 4
（三）解决策略………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
二、大班幼儿同伴冲突情况统计…………………………………………………………………….. 5
（一）冲突起因………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
（二）解决策略统计情况………………………………………………………………………… 6
（三）冲突中教育者的参与情况……………………………………………………………… 6
三、大班幼儿冲突的特征……………………………………………………………………………….. 6
（一）区域活动：以物品争夺为主的冲突……………………………………………….. 6
1.物品占有……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
2.空间位置争夺………………………………………………………………………………… 7
（二）生活区：因意见分歧、维护规则引起的冲突…………………………………. 7
1.起因是规则维护…………………………………………………………………………….. 7
2.起因是意见分歧…………………………………………………………………………….. 8
（三）教学区：由肢体碰触引发的冲突…………………………………………………… 8
1.无意碰触……………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
2.故意挑衅……………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
四、解决冲突的策略探讨……………………………………………………………………………….. 9
（一）幼儿的视角…………………………………………………………………………………… 9
（二）教育者的视角……………………………………………………………………………….. 9
1.设置以冲突为主题的课程………………………………………………………………. 9
2.教师应主动提高自己的技能…………………………………………………………. 10
（三）家庭的视角…………………………………………………………………………………. 10
1.注重培养幼儿正确的性格…………………………………………………………….. 10
2.注重以身作则………………………………………………………………………………. 11
3.为幼儿创造交际的机会………………………………………………………………… 11
五、结语………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12
致 谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
