摘 要
安然事件发生以来，世界各国的上市公司财务造假行为日益猖獗，给投资者及相关财务信息使用者带来了非常严重的损失，也给资本市场带来了很大冲击，同时我国上市公司屡屡发生财务造假案件。随着经济社会的发展，企业经营权与所有权的分离程度加大，企业财务报表成为投资者进行决策的重要工具。财务报表应忠实的表达企业的财务状况与经营结果。因此结合我国实情来研究财务造假手段及成因并提出适合国情的防范措施有至关重要的作用。
本文首先从财务造假的含义、分类、危害出发，简单地介绍财务造假的基本状况。然后再结合我国具体国情，介绍了我国财务造假的常见手段，进一步分析财务造假的原因，最后针对现存的问题，提出了与制度、从业人员素质、监督相关的具体措施，从而真正做到让财务报表为信息使用者所用，以此促进社会主义市场经济健康发展。
本文内容具体分为五大部分：第一部分阐述了财务造假的含义、分类、危害。第二部分别从虚构交易，虚增收入、资产，滥用过渡性科目，隐瞒或不披露重大事项角度介绍财务造假的主要手段。第三部分从信息，制度，管理层对业绩，政府官员对政绩的追求，以及公司融资等主要方面分析了财务造假的原因。第四部分主要是结合吉林紫鑫药业财务造假案例分析财务造假的手段及成因。第五部分从制度、企业内外部监督、社会舆论监督方面，提出了一些解决财务造假的具体措施。
关键词:财务造假；会计核算；制度漏洞
Abstract
Since Enron, the world’s listed companies’ financial frauds rampant, very serious losses to investors and users of financial information, but also brought great impact to the capital markets, the frequent occurrence of listed companies in Chinafinancial fraud cases. With the economic and social development, the degree of separation of corporate management and ownership increase, corporate financial statements to become an important tool for investors in decision-making. The financial statements should be faithful expression of the company’s financial position and operating results. Therefore, in our country the truth to study means of financial fraud and causes and proposed conditions for the preventive measures has a crucial role.
Firstly the meaning of financial fraud, classification, hazard departure a brief introduction to the basic conditions of financial fraud. Then combined with China’s specific national conditions, a common means of financial fraud, further analysis of the reasons of financial fraud, and finally for the existing problems, the proposed system, the quality of employees, monitoring specific measures, which truly give financial statements for the users of information, so as to promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy.
In this article the specific divided into five parts: The first part elaborates the meaning of financial fraud, classification, hazards. Second from fictitious transactions, inflated income, assets, abuse of transitional subjects, concealment or non-disclosure of material matters angle of the main means of financial fraud. Part III explained from information systems, management performance, achievements pursuit of government officials, as well as corporate finance and other major financial fraud. The fourth part is a brief Jilin Zixin Pharmaceutical financial fraud analysis. The fifth part from the system, internal and external supervision, social supervision by public opinion, put forward some solutions to financial fraud measures.
Key words: financial fraud; accounting; loopholes in the system
