A Comparative Analysis of the External and
Internal Components of the Two Revenges in
Wuthering Heights and The Scarlet Letter
2.1 Objective elements for Heathcliff’s vengeance. 4
2.1.1 Heathcliff’s life experience. 4
2.1.2 The abuse from Hindley. 5
2.1.3 Betrayal of Catherine. 6
2.1.4 Ambiguous class status 7
2.2 Subjective elements for Heathcliff’s vengeance. 8
2.2.1 A sense of inferiority. 8
2.2.3 A blend of love and hatred. 9
2.3 External reasons for Chillingworth’s avenge. 10
2.4 Internal reasons for Chillingworth’s avenge. 13
2.4.3 Chillingworth’s true nature—evil in heart 14
3.1 Typical villains of gothic novels 15
4.1 Emily Bronte’s vision of humanity and evil represented by the image of Heathcliff 18
4.2 Nathaniel Hawthorne’s concept of the “original sin” symbolized by Chillingworth. 19