摘 要
21世纪以来，国家的经济增长和竞争力取决于其创新能力，这使得人们越来越重视创新教育，这就需要加强对学生科学、技术、工程和数学的教育，即跨学科知识融合的STEM教育，它旨在培养学生科学、技术、工程和数学的综合素养，从而提高创新精神和实践能力，促进创新型人才的成长。STEM教育不是四个学科的简单相加，而是学科的整合，即运用这四门学科的相关能力，把学习到的零碎知识，转变成探究真实世界相互联系的综合能力。因此，作为教师，要考虑如何在众多孤立的学科中建立桥梁，使零碎知识变成一个系统的整体，为学生提供整体认识世界的机会。
本文首先简介了STEM教育的发展、核心特征及其研究意义，然后在STEM视角下，以《DIY电动马达》一课为例进行教学设计，对教学过程各阶段进行分析，接着阐述了国内初中STEM教育发展的局限性及其成因，最后提出了初中STEM教育的发展方向。
关键词：STEM教育；跨学科；实践探究；创新能力
Abstract
Since the 21st century, a nation’s economic growth and competition depend on its innovative ability. It makes people attach more importance on innovative education. So we need to strengthen science, technology, engineering and mathematics education, STEM education which integrates different disciplines. It aims to foster students’ comprehensive quality including science, technology, engineering and mathematics, to improve innovative spirit and practice ability and to promote innovative talents’ growth. STEM education is not adding four subjects together simply, but discipline integration, that is to say, applying corresponding abilities of four subjects to convert the piecemeal knowledge into comprehensive abilities to explore interconnection of the real world. So as a teacher, we need to think over how to establish a bridge between these isolated disciplines and integrate the piecemeal knowledge into a system, so that students can be given an opportunity to find out the world wholly.
Firstly, the thesis abstracts the development of STEM education, its main characteristics and also the research significance. Secondly, from the angle of STEM education, the thesis takes the course《DIY electric motor》as an example to make an instructional design, and analyze every teaching process. Then, it states the limitation and cause of domestic STEM education in junior high school. Finally, the thesis proposes the development direction of STEM education in junior high.
Key words: STEM education；Interdisciplinary；Practical inquiry；Innovation ability
目 录
摘 要……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II
目 录…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. III
第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.1 STEM教育及其发展………………………………………………………………………….. 5
1.1.1 STEM教育的内涵…………………………………………………………………….. 5
1.1.2 STEM教育的发展历程……………………………………………………………… 5
1.2 STEM教育的核心特征………………………………………………………………………. 6
1.2.1 学科融合性………………………………………………………………………………. 6
1.2.2 情境性……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.2.3 趣味性……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.2.4 协作性……………………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.2.5 体验性……………………………………………………………………………………… 8
1.3 研究意义………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
第二章 STEM视角下《DIY简易电动马达》教学设计………………………………. 9
2.1 设计思路………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.2 学情分析………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.3 教学目标分析…………………………………………………………………………………. 10
2.3.1 知识与技能…………………………………………………………………………….. 10
2.3.2 过程与方法…………………………………………………………………………….. 10
2.3.3 情感态度与价值观………………………………………………………………….. 10
2.4 资源与工具设计………………………………………………………………………………. 11
2.4.1 多媒体资源…………………………………………………………………………….. 11
2.4.2 纸质资源………………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.4.3 学习工具………………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.5 教学过程设计………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
2.5.1 复习引入………………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.5.2 创设情境………………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.5.3 构建知识体系…………………………………………………………………………. 12
2.5.4 制定方案………………………………………………………………………………… 13
2.5.5 模型可行性分析……………………………………………………………………… 13
2.5.6 制作作品与作品测试………………………………………………………………. 14
2.5.7 展示交流与评价……………………………………………………………………… 14
2.5.8 归纳总结………………………………………………………………………………… 14
2.5.9 课后探究………………………………………………………………………………… 15
2.6 学习评价设计…………………………………………………………………………………. 16
2.7 教学反思………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
第三章 国内初中STEM教育发展的局限性及成因…………………………………… 18
3.1 国内初中STEM教育发展的局限性…………………………………………………. 18
3.2 国内初中STEM教育发展局限的成因……………………………………………… 18
3.2.1 STEM教育师资不足……………………………………………………………….. 18
3.2.2 STEM教学资源匮乏……………………………………………………………….. 18
3.2.3 应试教育模式根深蒂固…………………………………………………………… 19
3.2.4 课程时间受限…………………………………………………………………………. 19
3.2.5 STEM教育缺乏推动机制………………………………………………………… 19
第四章 国内初中STEM教育的发展方向………………………………………………….. 20
4.1 培养具有STEM素养的教师……………………………………………………………. 20
4.2 整合STEM学习资源………………………………………………………………………. 20
4.3 加强探究与生活实际的联系……………………………………………………………. 20
4.4 提高设计项目的选择性…………………………………………………………………… 21
总结与展望…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
致 谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
