留学生汉字认知的偏误考察
摘 要
汉字教学在留学生汉语教学中占有很重要的地位，留学生的语言定势和意义的理解偏差造成了汉字习得的偏误，在汉字文化圈和非汉语文化圈中的留学生身上都有不同程度的显现。应该利用母语的优势来培养留学生正确的识字方法和认字规律，特别是利用汉字中的趣味文化和偏旁部首的意义去认知、理解、记忆汉字，学会分析汉字的字形结构和特点，这样我们才能尽早突破认汉字、写汉字和用汉字难关，从而提高汉语学习的效率和水平。
关键词：留学生；汉字学习；偏误；对策
Abstract
Chinese characters teaching in foreign students’ Chinese teaching occupies a very important position, student language pattern and significance in understanding deviation to cause errors in the acquisition of Chinese characters, Chinese characters culture circle and in the non Chinese cultural circle in the students who have different levels of show. Should use the language advantage to the students the correct methods of literacy and read law, in particular the use of Chinese characters in a fun culture and radical meaning to cognition, understanding, memory of Chinese characters, learn to analyze Chinese characters structure and characteristics, so that we can write Chinese characters, Chinese characters recognition early breakthrough for Chinese characters and difficulties, thereby improving Chinese language learning efficiency and level.
Key words: foreign students learning Chinese characters; error; countermeasure;
目 录
二、留学生汉字学习的偏误分析……………………………………. 2
（一）对字形的错误理解…………………………………………. 2
（二）对汉字构造和组合顺序的偏误………………………………… 2
三、留学生汉字书写的偏误成因……………………………………. 5
(一)留学生文化背景和母语的偏误成因………………………………. 5
（二）留学生对汉字形体特征的认识偏误成因…………………………. 5
四、留学生汉字学习的有效对策……………………………………. 8
（一）对无汉字背景的留学生要加大文化的教学比重……………………. 8
（二）对有汉字背景的留学生要利用中外对比讲解汉字意义………………. 8
