摘要

一直以来，自然灾害都是每个国家面临的难题之一，我国受自然灾害的影响也非常严重，特别是近年来发生的重大自然灾害对社会经济发展带来极大损失，也给人民群众的生命财产造成巨大威胁。灾后如何及时有效开展应急救援，最大限度降低损失是我们应该考虑的重点。因此每个国家都有长期的应急粮食储备方案，以便在不可预知的灾害发生时，能够最快的保证受灾民众的粮食需求。

本文从粮食应急物流的概念、特征及库存控制定义和内容出发，对国内外应急粮食物流库存控制机制进行分析，查阅了大量的中外文献，取其精华，弃其糟粕。以求找到适合我国的应对自然灾害时行之有效的对策。本文在此基础上探讨针对性的改进对策，以确保粮食应急物流得到有效控制，进而得出应急粮食物流库存控制的一般规律。

关键词：自然灾害；应急粮食；库存控制；一般规律

Abstract

All along， the natural disaster is one of the difficulties faced by every country， is affected by natural disasters is very serious in our country， especially the occurrence of major natural disasters in recent years brings great loss to the social and economic development， also poses a great threat to people’s life and property. The maximum reduction of losses is the priority we should consider. So every country has emergency food reserves scheme for a long time， so that the unpredictable disasters occur， the fastest to ensure that the affected people’s food needs.

In this paper， from the food concept， characteristics of emergency logistics and inventory control， the definition and content analysis of emergency food logistics inventory control mechanism at home and abroad， a large number of Chinese and foreign literatures， the good and discard the dregs. The paper also discusses the characteristics of different topography in different areas of the country. In order to find the countermeasures that are effective in dealing with natural disasters in our country. In this paper， on the basis of the corresponding improvement countermeasures， in order to ensure the grain emergency logistics， the effective control to obtain the general rule of emergency food logistics inventory control.

Key Words: emergency food; inventory control; natural disasters; general rules