随着信息技术的不断进步，地理信息系统在我国的各行各业都得到了广泛的应用，由于地理信息系统能够通过信息技术将处于不同时空的数据进行直观、便捷的展示，使这种系统在短短数年时间内不断扩展其应用范围。我国的警用地理信息系统（PGIS）便是基于地理信息系统的重要应用之一。近年来，随着公安行业信息化水平的不断提高，对于PGIS的需求也发生了质的变化，如何实现高效、可靠、便捷、先进的PGIS系统成为了我国公安行业要解决的重要课题。
在PGIS中，实现警用各业务系统与地理信息的有机结合是系统高效运行的关键，只有通过对地理信息的强大展示，才能推进业务系统的信息化建设，而在地理信息的展示过程中，地理编码是关键的一项技术。本文正是从地理编码的角度出发，围绕当前PGIS未实现标准化地址库的现状，对标准化地址模型进行了建立，并据此设计了标准化地址数据库；在此基础上，对地理编码中的地名解析和地址匹配进行了深入研究，改进了基于匹配的中文分词地名解析的传统算法，并以苏州市部分地址数据库为例，探讨了各种自然语言描述模型下地址匹配的算法，最后根据理论研究设计并实现了地址匹配原型系统，并最终对系统地址匹配的性能进行了对比测试。本课题的研究，对于规范警用信息系统的标准地址数据库，并解决警用信息系统中的地址匹配问题具有重要的意义。
关键词：标准地址模型；警用信息系统；地名解析；地址匹配；自然语言描述
With the advances in information technology, geographic information systems in China’s industries have been widely used, because of geographical information systems through information technology will be in a different time of data intuitive, easy show to make this system within a few years time, expanding its scope of application. China’s police geographic information systems (PGIS) is based on geographic information system one of the important applications. In recent years, with the level of information security industry continues to improve, the demand for PGIS has undergone a qualitative change, how to achieve efficient, reliable, convenient, advanced PGIS system has become China’s public security industry to address the important issue.
In the PGIS, achieving police geographic information systems and the business combination is the key to efficient operation of the system, only through a powerful display of geographic information in order to promote the information technology business systems, and display geographic information in the process, geocoding is a key technology. This article is from the perspective of geocoding, PGIS is not standardized around the current status of address database, the address of the standardization model was established, and accordingly designed a standardized address database; On this basis, the names of the geocoding analysis and address matching in-depth research, improved Chinese word segmentation based on matching names of the traditional algorithm analysis, and part of Suzhou City, address database, for example, natural language description of the model address matching algorithm, the final design based on theoretical research address matching and implemented a prototype system, and eventually match the performance of the system address a comparison test. Study of this topic, for police information systems specification standard address database and information system used by police to resolve the address matching problem is of great significance.
Key Words: standard address model; police information systems; names resolve; address match; natural language
