摘 要
随着改革开放的不断发展，现代化建设进入了一个全新阶段，塔式起重机需求量不断增多。50年代初，我国塔机由仿制开始起步。20世纪60年代，由于高层、超高层建筑的发展，广泛使用了内部爬升式和外部附着式塔式起重机，并在工作机构中采用了比较先进的技术，如直流电机调速、可控硅调速、涡流制动器，在回转和运行机构中安装液力偶合器等。在此时期，中国开始进入了自行设计与制造塔式起重机的阶段。
本文是以满足塔式起重机的各个动作而设计的电气控制系统。从塔式起重机的变幅动作、回转动作、起降动作和各个动作中的变速入手，根据继电—接触控制器原理和三相异步电机的变速原理设计的电气控制电路。
与加入PLC控制器的控制系统相比只由继电—接触控制器组成的电气控制系统比加入PLC控制器的控制系统抗干扰性强，但是对塔式起重机的钢铁结构冲击较大适合用于小型塔式起重机。
此次毕业设计题目为塔式起重机电气控制系统设计，主要包括起升机构的控制，三速变化的设计，回转机构的绕线电机变速设计，小车变幅双速电机的控制设计，电器元件的选型，控制柜安装布置图，电气接线图的设计等。
关键词：塔式起重机 变幅 起升 回转
Abstract
As the ceaseless development of reforming and opening, modernization has entered a new stage, demand increased for tower crane. At the beginning of 50 time, our country started by imitation of tower crane. Nineteen sixties, due to high buildings, development, extensive use of internal climbing type and external attached tower crane, and in the working mechanism adopts a more advanced technology, such as the speed of the DC motor, the silicon controlled speed, eddy current brake, in a rotary and a running mechanism installed in hydrodynamic coupling. During this period, China began to enter its own design and manufacture of tower crane ‘s stage.
This paper is to meet the needs of each action and design of tower crane electrical control system. From the tower crane luffing motion, rotary motion, and action and each action in the transmission of relay contact control, according to the principle of three-phase asynchronous motor and transmission principle of electrical control circuit design.
With the accession to the PLC controller of the control system of relay – contact compared to only by the controller of the electrical control system than the accession to the PLC controller control system anti interference is strong, but the impact of large tower crane steel structure suitable for small tower crane.
The graduation design for the tower crane electrical control system design, including the lifting mechanism control, three speed change rotary mechanism design, the motor winding gear design, trolley double speed motor control design, electrical components selection, control cabinet arranged diagram, wiring diagram design.
Key Words: Tower crane luffing hoisting slewing
