摘 要
散叶收购是一项收购模式的重要革新，既符合发展现代烟草农业的要求，又具有实际效益。推行散烟收购模式是快速、大幅提高烟叶纯度的一项可行性措施，而且可以降低植烟成本、提高烟农收益，提高调拨效率，优势较为明显。在传统的把烟收购中，烟农都要将加工的烟叶分类困扎，除了要按照炉次、部位、烟叶质量分为不同的等级外，还要将相同等级和质量的烟叶扎把，然后才能到烟站交售，需要耗费大量的劳动力。由于扎把烟叶较散叶结构紧密，烟把大小不均匀，致使烟叶真空回潮回透不彻底，致使烟叶水分不均匀，影响打叶质量。在收购时需要对烟农的捆把进行质量检验和等级验定，给烟农的把烟收购带来了困难，专业技术的缺乏是当前传统把烟收购的主要难题之一。遵义县烤烟种植历史悠久，积极对专业化分级模式进行研究和探索，探索出了 “四工位”、“三工位”静态分级模式，散烟收购模式改变了传统把烟收购中的繁琐过程，节省了烟农在分级扎把过程中的劳动力，能缓解农忙带来的压力。散叶分级收购的烟叶，均匀一致，基本无杂质，可以提高成品烟叶等级纯度和等级质量，散叶收购改变了传统的挂烤工艺，散烟收购避免了出现水分超限，霉变等现象，有效减少了烟叶损耗。提高了分级效率，降低了分级成本，加大布局调整力度，积极推广实用技术，努力提高科技创新能力，较好地促进了烟叶生产的稳定发展。遵义县的散叶收购虽然取得了很大成绩，但散叶收购由于受到技术分级限制较多，在实践收购中出现了效率和效益较传统的把烟收购有时较低的状况，由于散把烟叶通过加压成包，片与片之间压在一起，不易分离，造成烟叶不易分片检验。由于目前烟农种植面积小和在自家烤房烘烤的部分烟农，不愿聘请专业分级队分级，所以要全面推广专业化分级、散烟收购，还是有一定难度。推行散叶收购模式，要从根本上解决技术的瓶颈，普及散叶分级收购的配套技术。规范散叶收购分级的技术标准和流程，加大对技术人员的培训，加强散烟收购宣传工作，引导烟农积极参与。要加强专业分级队伍的建设就要做好专业化队伍的组成、培训和制度化建设等方面的工作，还要不断探索，不断总结，不断提高，是需要不断探索和完善的新型收购模式。
关键词：遵义县；专业化分级；散叶收购；模式探索
Abstract
Scattered leaf acquisition is an acquisition model of important innovation, not only conform to the requirements of the development of modern agriculture of tobacco, and has the actual benefit. Implement acquisition model is scattered smoke quickly and greatly improve the purity of tobacco leaves a feasibility measures, but also can reduce the cost and improve the plant smoke yannong income, improve the efficiency on, the more obvious advantage. In the traditional smoke acquisition, yannong will processing tobacco classification trapped firm, in addition to the furnace time, location, and in accordance with the quality of tobacco leaves are divided into different levels, but also will be the same level and the quality of tobacco leaves the firm, and then you can to smoke stand JiaoShou, it takes a lot of labor. Because the firm is scattered leaf tobacco leaf structure close, smoke out the uneven size, the tobacco vacuum resurgence back through is not complete, the tobacco leaf water not even, influence the quality of a leaf. At the time of purchasing, yannong bundles of the need to perform quality test and level check decide, the acquisition of smoke yannong to bring the difficulties, the lack of professional technology is the traditional the major problems of the purchase one of smoke. ZunYiXian flue-cured tobacco plant has a long history, and actively specialization of classification model research and exploration, explored \”4 Labour\”, \”3 Labour\” static classification model, scattered smoke acquisition changed the traditional mode of the smoke acquisition tedious process, save the firm in the hierarchical yannong in the process of labor, can ease the stress of farms. Scattered leaf tobacco grading takeover, uniform, basic without impurities, can improve the product quality and grade level tobacco purity, come loose leaf acquisition has changed the traditional hang baking process, avoid the scattered smoke acquisition appear moisture overrun, mildew etc. Phenomenon, effectively reduce the loss of tobacco leaves. Improve the classification efficiency, reduce the grading costs, increase the layout and adjustment dynamics, actively promote the practical technology, and strive to improve science and technology innovation ability, promotes the steady development of tobacco leaf production. The ZunYiXian scattered leaf acquisition has made great achievements, but scattered leaf purchase due to technical grading limit is more, in practice appeared in acquisition efficiency and benefit the smoke than the traditional purchase sometimes low status, because the tobacco leaves scattered through pressure into packets, and slice of between pressed together, not easy separation, not easily divided by tobacco inspection. Because the present yannong planting area small and in their part of the barn baking yannong, do not wish to hire a professional team hierarchical classification, so will the comprehensive promotion specialized classification, bulk purchase cigarettes, or has the certain difficulty. Implement scattered leaf acquisition model, to basically solve the technical bottleneck, popularize the scattered leaf classification takeover of the supporting technology. Scattered leaf takeover of the classification standard technical standards and procedures, increase the technical personnel training, strengthen the scattered smoke acquisition propaganda work, yannong lead active participation. To strengthen the construction of professional classification team strengthening is professional team of composition, training and institutional development, etc, but also continuously explore, summarize unceasingly, and constantly improve, is the need to explore and perfect the new acquisitions mode.
Key words: ZunYiXian; Professional classification; Scattered leaf acquisition; Model to explore
目 录
1.绪论……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1选题意义………………………………………………………………1
1.2研究现状………………………………………………………………2
1.3研究思路………………………………………………………………2
2.遵义县烟叶生产发展现状……………………………………………………3
2.1遵义县县情简介………………………………………………………3
2.1.1自然地理………………………………………………………3
2.1.2地形地貌………………………………………………………3
2.1.3气候特点………………………………………………………3
2.1.4土壤条件………………………………………………………4
2.1.5自然资源………………………………………………………4
2.1.6农业生产情况…………………………………………………4
2.1.7人口及社会经济情况…………………………………………4
2.2烟叶生产情况 ……………………………………………………….5
2.2.1烟叶规模发展…………………………………………………5
2.2.2烟叶质量风格及特色…………………………………………5
3专业化分级散叶收购的意义…………………………………………………6
3.1传统把烟收购管理问题………………………………………………6
3.1.1专业人员缺……………………………………………………6
3.1.2费时费工………………………………………………………7
3.1.3影响成品烟叶质量……………………………………………7
3.2专业化分级散叶收购的作用…………………………………………8
3.2.1节省加工和收购时间…………………………………………8
3.2.2提升质量透明度………………………………………………9
3.2.3实现烟叶加工和收购规范化…………………………………10
4 遵义县散叶收购的模式探索…………………………………………………11
4.1专业化分级散叶收购探索历程………………………………………11
4.2专业化分级运行模式…………………………………………………12
4.2.1专业化分级管理组织…………………………………………12
4.2.2专业化分级流程………………………………………………13
4.2.3专业化分级质量监控…………………………………………13
5遵义县散叶收购中存在的主要问题…………………………………………14
5.1交售收益率低…………………………………………………………14
5.2分片检验困难………………………………………………………..14
5.3烟农积极性不高………………………………………………………15
6遵义县散叶收购模式的改进和推广策略……………………………………15
6.1普及散叶分级收购配套技术…………………………………………15
6.1.1规范散叶收购分级的技术标准和流程………………………15
6.1.2加大对技术人员的培训………………………………………16
6.1.3加强领导，成立组织机构……………………………………16
6.1.4加强散烟收购宣传工作，引导烟农积极参与………………17
6.1.5完善收购设施建设，创造良好的散烟收购条件……………17
6.2加强专业分级队伍建设………………………………………………17
6.2.1稳定专业化分级队伍…………………………………………17
6.2.2加大技术培训力度……………………………………………18
6.3探索新型收购系统……………………………………………………18
7结论……………………………………………………………………………18
致谢……………………………………………………………………………..20
参考文献………………………………………………………………………..21
