论应对突发事件的法制建设
摘要
随着改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济的发展，我国社会矛盾明显增多，处理起来难度较大。如何才能更好地加强和创新社会管理呢？党的十八大报告明确提出，要加快形成源头治理、动态管理、应急处置相结合的社会管理机制。这一社会管理机制的确立，不仅是对改革开放以来我国社会管理实践经验的总结和发展，而且是新形势下加强和创新社会管理，确保人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安的基本路径和方法。
加强源头治理，就要更加注重民生建设和制度建设，防止和减少社会矛盾的产生。加强源头治理，要求在加强社会管理、处置社会矛盾时关口前移，尽可能防止、减少社会矛盾和社会冲突。当前，我国社会管理中出现的问题，从根本上说是经济社会发展中不平衡不协调不可持续问题在社会领域的反映，特别是由于利益格局正在发生深刻变化，居民收入分配差距较大，影响群众切身利益的问题较多。同时，人民群众对提高生活水平、加强和改善公共服务的新要求新期待正不断增加。加强源头治理，就要全面贯彻落实科学发展观，统筹解决好经济社会发展中的突出问题，尤其是要加强民生建设，使发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。同时，加强制度建设，坚持依法治国，努力维护群众合法权益，维护社会公平正义。
加强动态管理，就要遵循客观规律，用动态发展的思路妥善处理各方面关系，及时化解社会矛盾。改革开放以来，我国社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局等都发生了深刻变化，而且这一进程还在不断发展深化，社会管理面临许多新情况新问题。从实际情况看，目前我国社会管理中存在着原有的社会管理功能难以承载、过去的社会管理手段难以奏效、传统的社会管理方式难以实施等问题。这就要求我们坚持唯物辩证法，适应新形势新任务新要求，树立动态的社会管理思维和方式，健全社会矛盾排查调处机制，使社会矛盾的发生发展处于动态平衡、动态协调的良性状态，确保不积累、不蔓延、不激化、不恶化。为此，应加强对新形势下社会矛盾和问题的规律性研究，使社会管理适应经济社会发展、符合时代要求。在实践中，应畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障等渠道，进一步完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动的工作体系，建立和完善社会安全防控机制等，实现社会和谐有序。
加强应急处置，就要更加注重应急能力建设，建立健全有效应对和妥善处置突发公共事件的机制。当前，我国已经进入深化改革的攻坚期，前进道路上的困难、问题和风险不断增多，各种突发公共事件尤其是群体性事件时有发生，处置不好极易造成严重社会危害。同时，我国地域辽阔，自然灾害频发，这方面的突发公共事件对人民群众的生命财产安全构成严重威胁。加强和创新社会管理，就要进一步健全应急处置机制，妥善应对和处置各类突发公共事件，维护最广大人民群众的根本利益。加强应急处置，不能急中出错、急中违法，而要坚持维护群众合法权益、维护社会稳定、维护法律权威，坚持理性平和、文明规范处置各类突发公共事件。这就要求进一步健全和完善突发公共事件危机预防机制、预案管理机制、资源共享机制、指挥联动机制、信息发布机制、宣传教育机制、法律保障机制、应急救援机制、善后处理机制等，提高应急处置能力和水平。
关键词：突发事件，群体事件，法制建设
On the Legal Construction of Emergency Response
With the further reform and opening up and the socialist market economy development, China’s social problems have increased markedly. How to strengthen and make innovations in social management is the current problem. In the report of the 18th National Congress of CPC, it was clearly put forward that we should quicken the pace of building a social management mechanism that resolves public complaints at the source, exercises dynamic administration, and responds to emergencies. The establishment of such a mechanism is not only a summary and development to the social management practical experience since reform and opening up, but also the basic path and method under the new situation to strengthen and make innovations in social management and ensure that the people live and work in contentment, society is stable and orderly, and the country enjoys enduring peace and stability.
To resolve public complaints at the source, greater emphasis will be put on people’s livelihood construction and legal construction. We should prevent and reduce the occurrence of social problem. To resolve public complaints at the source, we must strengthen social management and solve social problem at the earlier stage and do the best to prevent and reduce social contradiction and conflict. At present，the problem appeared in the social management of our country, fundamentally, is a reflection of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development problem in social field. Especially, interest pattern takes place great changes, residents income disparity is still large, there are many problems affecting people’s immediate interests. At the same time, people’s new requirements and new expectations for improving living standards and strengthening and improving public services are increasing continuously. To resolve public complaints at the source, we must thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development and resolve the outstanding problems appeared in the development of economy and society. Especially，we should strengthen people’s livelihood construction so that all the people can share in more fruits of development in a fair way. At the same time, we should strengthen legal construction, uphold the rule of law, earnestlysafeguard people’s legitimate rights and interests, and safeguard social fairness and justice.
To exercise dynamic administration, we should obey the objective law，properly handle relationship in all respects with a dynamic developing thinking, and resolve social problem timely. Since the reform and opening up, the social construction, the social organization form and the interest pattern have taken place great changes, and the procedure is still deepening and developing continuously. Social management faces a lot of new situations and problems. In view of the actual situation，there are a lot of problems in the social management such as, the original social management function is difficult to bear, the past social management method is difficult to take effect, and the traditional social management mode is hard to implement. So it’s required that we should do the follow things: adhere to the materialistic dialectics to adapt to new situation, new task and new requirement, form dynamic social management thinking mode, keep the occurrence and development of social problem in a benign state of dynamic balance and dynamic coordination, make sure no accumulation, no spreading, no intensification, no deterioration. So we should lay emphasis on studying on the law of social contradiction and problem to make the social management adapted to economy and society development and meeting the requirement of times. In practice, we should maintain regular and open channels for the people to voice their demands, for coordinating their interests and for protecting their rights and interests.We should further improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation. We should build and improve society security prevention and control mechanism. All of the above will make society harmonious and orderly.
To strengthen the emergency response, we must pay more attention to the emergency response capacity building，establish and perfect a mechanism to effectively defuse and properly handling public emergency. At present，our country is in the breakthrough period of deepening reform. The difficulties, problems and risks are increasing continuously on the way forward. Various public emergencies, especially group events, happen from time to time. If not handled correctly, they will cause severe damage to the society. At the same time, our country has a vast territory. Natural disasters take place frequently. This kind of public emergency poses a serious threat to people’s life and property safety. To strengthen and make innovations in social management, we should further improve emergency response mechanism, properly respond and handle various public emergencies, and safeguard the people’s fundamental interests. To strengthen the emergency response, we can’t make mistake and break the law in hurry. We should insist to safeguard the people’s legitimate rights and interests, maintain social stability, and safeguard the authority of laws. We should insist that it’s reasonable, calm, civilized and regular to handle public emergency. It’s required to further improve and perfect crisis prevention mechanism, counterplan management mechanism, resource sharing mechanism, collaboration command mechanism,information publishing mechanism, publicity and education mechanism, legal safeguard mechanism, emergency response mechanism and afterhand mechanism, etc, and to improve the emergency response ability and level.
Keywords:emergency, group events, legal construction
