摘 要
据最新“联合国国际减灾十年”公布中雷电灾害是当今世界最为严重的几大自然灾害之一。根据现阶段的统计资料可以明显看出雷电灾害所导致的损失也居于前列，上升直自然灾害的第三位。天然气输气站的高危设施和作业要求对雷电危害的规避防雷尤为关键，雷电现象是自然现象，是不可规避的雷电现象，雷电在输气站工作作业范围内一旦出现雷电现象会导致输气站技术和安全问题，导致输气站工作作业不能正常运行甚至停滞，从而给输气站带来严重的经济损失。现阶段，石油、天然气是现阶段我国最为重要的能源之一，随着我国石油燃气工业的高速发展，我国输气站所占面积大且很多的输气站处于空旷地段，甚至有的输气站所占地段在沿海等雷击高发区域。于此同时，输气站设备众多，且主要为金属管道、金属油气罐面积大，由于其工艺操作要求其经常要排放作业废油气或者燃气通风，这种现象容易导致雷击灾难事故。输气站雷击重大安全事故，必然会产生重大的经济损失，其造成的生态污染和经济损失势必会给社会造成恶劣的社会负面影响，同时也会给我国能源供给方面产生不可逆的能源安全影响。所以如何保证输气站避免雷击灾害的技术优化与研究即成为我国能源安全问题的重要课题，为了保障我国输气站及能源运输的正常安全发展，进行输气站防雷技术的相关课题研究操作实施变得刻不容缓。
目标研究对象榆林输气站从2008年至2011年间前后发生数次雷击安全事故，导致严重的经济损失，输气站不能正常运行工作，造成输气站输气生产中断、稳压器烧毁、工艺区超声波流量计主板等重要设备及其设施都产生故障甚至毁坏，还导致办公楼楼房水泥脱落安全事故，造成严重的社会影响，，本课题以榆林输气站作为研究对象，采用理论分析、数值计算与仿真实验相结合的研究方法，采用现场调查、典型保护设计的技术路线，对输气站场直击雷防护技术、输气站场雷电安全性、输气站场雷电监测配置开展较为系统的研究。其中对直击雷防护中的雷击高杆灯时电位分布、雷击高杆灯时阀门间隙感应电压、雷击阀室金属屋顶时阀门间隙处感应电压、雷击放空管时阀门间隙处感应电压等应用仿真模型，适当选取参数进行系统的分析计算。因此输气站的防雷技术系统工程安全设计相关研究课题及其操作实施变得刻不容缓。本防雷改造系统包括工艺系统、通讯系统、供电系统、自控系统、热工系统、阴极防腐系统的改造设计。研究成果可以为输气站场雷电防护设计、改造和规范提供依据，有助于输气站场雷电安全运行水平的提高。针对榆林属于雷电危害易发地带，设计出适合榆林输气站场的防雷系统优化设计方案。
关键字：输气站、防雷、直击雷、仿真、优化
论文类型：应用基础
Abstract
According to the latest “United Nations International Disaster ten years” published in the lightning disaster is one of the most serious natural disasters. According to the statistical data of several current can be clearly seen from the lightning disaster caused by the loss is also in the forefront, rising straight natural disasters third. Natural gas transmission station high-risk facilities and operation requirements is particularly critical for lightning hazard avoidance of lightning protection, lightning phenomenon is a natural phenomenon, the phenomenon of lightning is unavoidable, lightning in the gas station work scope once the lightning phenomenon will result in gas station technology and security issues, resulting in the station work can not operate normally or even stagnation, so as to bring the gas station Yan The heavy economic loss. At present, petroleum, natural gas is one of the most important energy sources in our country at the present stage, with the rapid development of oil and gas industry in China, China’s gas station area and many stations in the open area, and even some stations occupied lots in the coastal areas of high incidence of lightning at the same time, the gas station equipment number, and mainly for metal pipe, metal oil tank area, due to the process operation requirements which often have to waste oil or gas discharge operation ventilation, this phenomenon can easily lead to lightning disaster. Major accidents lose station lightning, will produce significant economic losses, the ecological pollution the Pollution and economic loss will cause negative effect to the society and society, but also affect the energy security is not reversible to the energy supply in our country. So how to guarantee the gas station to avoid important technology optimization and research of lightning disaster is becoming China’s energy security problems, in order to ensure the normal development of China’s transportation safety gas station and energy transport, transmission station lightning protection technology research operation has become urgent.
Yulin research station from 2008 to 2011 between before and after the occurrence of several lightning accidents, resulting in serious economic losses, the station can not operate normally, resulting in gas station gas production interruption, voltage regulator process area burned, ultrasonic flowmeter and other important equipment and facilities of the motherboard are malfunction or even destroy, also lead the office building cement off safety accidents, causing serious social impact, and subject to the Yulin station as the research object, using theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and simulation research method combining experiment, using field survey, typical protection technology of route design, the gas station Lightning protection technology, gas station lightning safety station to carry out systematic research on the field of lightning monitoring configuration. The lightning protection of lightning pole when the potential distribution of lightning induced voltage of valve clearance lamp, metal roof lightning valve chamber when the valve gap voltage, lightning vent valve the clearance of induced voltage applications such as simulation model, analysis of the system of selecting appropriate parameter calculation. Therefore the gas station lightning protection systems engineering safety design research and the operation has become urgent. The lightning protection system transformation including process system, communication system, power supply system, automatic control system, thermal System reconstruction design of anti-corrosion system. The research results can be as the cathode gas station lightning protection design, provide the basis for improvement and norms, contribute to the gas station lightning safety operation level. In Yulin belongs to the lightning disaster prone zone design optimization design scheme of lightning protection system for Yulin gas station.
Keywords：gas station,lightning protection,direct lightning flash,simulation, optimization
Thesis：Fundament Study
目 录
3.2.1 雷击阀室金属屋顶时阀门间隙处感应电压计算… 41
5.2.3 榆林输气站阀室雷电防护存在的隐患及改造设计… 67
