电锅炉自控系统的设计

摘要：锅炉的原理是对炉内的水进行高温加热，使水汽化产生带压蒸汽，以此作为生产的动力，广泛应用于供暖、化工、制造等行业，是全厂生产的重要动力设备。随着工业生产水平的不断提高，老式锅炉已经不能满足现代化生产的需要，对锅炉的控制方式进行研究和设计将对提高生产的效率与安全性等方面有积极的作用。本次设计的锅炉是以单片机为核心的自动控制系统，能对锅炉的水温、液位、压力等重要数值进行检测和控制。按各部分功能可分为键盘设定模块、传感器检测模块、数据处理模块、显示模块、控制模块、报价模块、电路保护模块等，使用键盘输入等方式预先设定各量的正常范围，由传感器对相关量进行检测并传送至单片机进行处理，经PID运算后判断是否异常。如炉内某些量的数值处于日常，则可以控制相关部件进行调节或启动报警电路发出，使炉内相关量恢复正常范围，排除安全隐患防止事故的发生。

关键字：电锅炉；自动控制系统；单片机；数值的设定与检测；PID运算

Design of Automatic Control System for Electric Boiler

Abstract：Boiler principle is water in the furnace for high temperature heating, the water vaporization with pressure steam. This is a driving force for the production. It is widely used in heating, chemical, manufacturing and other industries, is an important power equipment factory production. With the continuous improvement of the level of industrial production, the old boiler has been unable to meet the needs of modern production, the research and design of the control mode of the boiler will have a positive effect on improving the efficiency and safety of the production. The design of the boiler is a single chip microcomputer as the core of the automatic control system, the boiler water temperature, liquid level, pressure and other important values for the detection and control. According to the function of each part can be divided into the keyboard setting module, sensor module, data processing module, display module, control module, quotation module, circuit protection module, set in advance of the normal range of the quantity of using keyboard input, etc., by the sensor the relevant quantities were detected and transmitted to the microcontroller processing, by the PID operation to determine whether abnormal. If the value of some of the furnace in the daily, you can control the relevant parts to adjust or start the alarm circuit, so that the amount of the furnace to return to the normal range, excluding security risks to prevent the occurrence of accidents.

Key words：Electric boiler; Automatic control system; Single chip microcomputer; Numerical simulation and detection; PID operation

第1章绪论……………………………………………….. 1

1.1课题研究的目的………………………………………. 1

1.2 课题研究的意义……………………………………… 1

1.3课题目前的研究现状…………………………………… 2

1.4本设计需要解决的主要问题……………………………… 3

第2章总体方案的设计………………………………………. 4

2.1系统总体设计方案…………………………………….. 4

2.2水温检测方案的选择…………………………………… 4

2.3压力检测方案的选择…………………………………… 5

2.4液位检测方案的选择…………………………………… 5

第3章硬件电路的设计………………………………………. 6