目录
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. – 3 –
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………. – 4 –
第1章 绪 论……………………………………………………………………………………… – 5 –
1.1 课题背景与意义…………………………………………………………………………… – 5 –
1.2 国内外的研究现状……………………………………………………………………….. – 6 –
1.3 本文要解决的问题及所用方法……………………………………………………… – 8 –
第二章 凝汽器概述………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
2.1凝汽设备的作用……………………………………………………………………………….. 1
2.2.电厂汽轮机凝汽器真空…………………………………………………………………….. 1
2.3火电厂湿冷机组冷却系统的结构………………………………………………………. 2
2.4凝汽器换热端差对机组热耗的影响…………………………………………………… 2
2.5空冷机组和湿冷机组的煤耗性能分析……………………………………………….. 2
2.6环境温度对湿冷机组冷却方式的影响……………………………………………….. 2
2.7汽轮机冷端系统简述………………………………………………………………………… 3
2.8引起凝结器内真空下降的主要原因…………………………………………………… 4
第三章 最佳真空确定方法的改进…………………………………………………………………. 8
3.1循环水费用对凝汽器最佳真空的影响……………………………………………….. 8
3.2汽轮机排汽阻力对凝汽器最佳真空的影响………………………………………… 9
3.3抽气器(或真空泵)耗功率对凝汽器最佳真空的影响……………………………. 9
3.4清洁系数对凝汽器最佳真空的影响…………………………………………………. 10
3.5锅炉补充水对凝汽器最佳真空的影响……………………………………………… 10
3.6循环水最小流速对凝汽器最佳真空的影响………………………………………. 11
参 考 文 献……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
致 谢………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
摘要
分析了汽轮机凝汽器真空下降的危害、现象、原因及处理方法，结合本单位机组的特点提出了相应的故障预防措施，以保证机组真空系统的正常运行。 汽轮机真空系统是火电厂的一个重要系统。运行中，凝汽器的真空下降将直接引起汽轮机热耗、汽耗增大和出力降低。一台200MW的汽轮机，真空下降1%将引起热耗增加0.7%～0.8%。真空降低，会使排汽温度升高，影响汽轮机的安全运行。也就是说凝汽器真空的变化，对机组的经济性和安全性都有很大影响，所以运行中必须严格监视凝汽器的工作情况。凝汽器真空下降的原因很多，分析其原因，总结经验，提出相应的预防措施，这样才能更好的保证机组的正常稳定和经济运行。
关键词：凝汽器真空下降；原因分析；处理
Abstract
This paper analyzes the harm, phenomenon, reason and treatment method of the vacuum drop of the condenser of the steam turbine, and puts forward the corresponding preventive measures to ensure the normal operation of the vacuum system. Steam turbine vacuum system is an important system in thermal power plant. During the operation, the vacuum drop of the condenser will directly cause the heat consumption, steam consumption and output. A 200MW turbine, vacuum down 1% will cause heat consumption increased by 0.7% ~ 0.8%. When the vacuum is reduced, the exhaust temperature will increase, which will affect the safe operation of the turbine. That is to say, the change of condenser vacuum has a great influence on the economy and safety of the unit, so it is necessary to monitor the working condition of condenser. There are many reasons for the vacuum drop of condenser, the reason is analyzed, the experience is summed up, and the corresponding preventive measures are put forward.
Key words: condenser vacuum drop; cause analysis; treatment
