摘 要
铝在空气中极易氧化，生成的氧化铝熔点高，很难去除，既妨碍焊接过程的进行，又可在焊接接头内生成气孔、夹渣以及未焊透等缺陷。由此，在水箱焊接时采用钨极氩弧焊(即氩弧焊)。在焊接的同时，由于交流电流的极性是在周期性的变换，在每个周期里半波为直流正接，EP半波为直流反接。正接的半波期间钨级可以发射足够的电子而又不致于过热，有利于电弧的稳定。反接的半波期间工件表面生成的氧化膜很容易被清理掉而获得表面光亮美观、成形良好的焊缝。采用脉冲交流方波氩弧焊焊接薄板铝合金时,要获得良好的焊缝成形,需要影响焊接工艺的各种因素的合理配合。主要包括，焊接方法、焊接参数的正确选取、焊接位置的合理选择、焊缝坡口形状的优化设计、焊接过程中预防工件变形所采用的工装以及焊后为消除变形影响、保证产品结构而采取的机械加工工艺措施等。
关键词：铝合金，焊接参数，焊接工艺性，检验
A b s t r a c t
Aluminum is easily oxidized in the air, the high melting point of alumina production, it is difficult to remove, which hinder the welding process, and can generate pores in the welded joints, slag inclusion and incomplete welding defects. Therefore, the TIG welding in the water tank (i.e. argon arc welding in welding at the same time)., the polarity of the AC current in cyclical change in each cycle of half wave DC, EP half wave DC reverse. It received during the half wave of tungsten level can emit enough electrons but not to overheat, conducive to the stability of the arc. The reverse half wave period between the surface of the oxide film generated is easy to be cleaned up and get the surface bright and beautiful , forming a good weld. Using pulse square wave AC argon arc welding of thin plate Aluminum Alloy, to get a good weld, with a variety of factors to influence the reasonable welding process. Including welding method, correct selection of welding parameters, welding position selection, optimization design of weld groove shape, prevention the deformation of the workpiece fixture and welding welding process in order to eliminate the influence of deformation, guarantee the product structure and take themachining process measures.
Keywords: Aluminum alloy, welding parameters, welding process, inspection
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目录
1.1 铝合金的中外发展现状……………………………………….. 1
1.2 未来铝合金焊接有些发展趋势………………………………….. 1
第2章 铝合金水箱结构及其质量要求………………………………….. 3
2.1 铝合金水箱结构及其易出现的问题………………………………. 3
2.2 水箱的焊接质量要求…………………………………………. 3
第3章 焊接工艺措施………………………………………………. 4
3.1 焊接方法及设备的选择……………………………………….. 4
3.2 焊接参数的选取及其对焊接工件的影响…………………………… 4
3.2.1 脉冲电流幅值对阴极雾化的影响……………………………. 5
3.2.2 脉冲频率对焊缝成形的影响……………………………….. 5
3.2.3 选取适当参数进行焊接…………………………………… 6
3.3 不同焊接位置的分析比较……………………………………… 6
3.4 焊缝坡口的优化设计…………………………………………. 6
3.5 预防焊接变形的工装设计……………………………………… 7
3.6 保证外形尺寸的加工措施……………………………………… 7
第4章 铝合金水箱的焊后检验……………………………………….. 8
4.1 焊接检验的重要性…………………………………………… 8
4.2 水箱采用的检验方法…………………………………………. 8
4.3 检验过程………………………………………………….. 8
4.3.1 外观检验……………………………………………… 8
4.3.2 致密性检验……………………………………………. 8
4.3.3 无损探伤检验………………………………………….. 9
4.3.4 焊接缺陷的修补………………………………………… 9
4.3.5 焊接缺陷的确定……………………………………….. 10
4.3.6 焊接缺陷返修方案的制定………………………………… 10
结 论………………………………………………………….. 11
参考文献……………………………………………………….. 12
谢 辞………………………………………………………….. 13
