内容摘要
我国刑诉法中关于刑事再审的规定，仅有五条，且皆是原则性规定，缺乏可操作性，适用法律上有太多不确定因素。第一，在人民法院、人民检察院启动再审程序时，理由均被称之为“确有错误”，但对于“确有错误”具体内容，条文中却没有明确。第二，根据我国刑事诉讼法的规定，当事人提出新的证据，是一个法定的启动再审程序的理由，但认定新的证据是司法实践和立法中都是没有解决的问题。第三，我国刑事诉讼法是以提起再审程序的主体不同为标准划分进行的再审理由的。虽然再审提起的主体包括被告人及其法定代理人、近亲属，具备了主体资格，但却不具备再审程序直接启动的权能，这样设置，弊端就是无法给予被告人人权的保障。我国刑事再审的理由的设定应当明确的确立起禁止双重危险原则，但不能完全照搬英美法系，主要是借鉴、吸收禁止双重危险原则所体现出的保障人权的理念和所体现的刑事再审的理由的设置的司法和立法。而错案责任追究制虽然有其积极的意义，但其以行政化的运行方式存在，反而给审判工作带来一系列负面影响。笔者认为可以将其并入法官惩戒制，并进一步完善法官惩戒制度及其配套制度。刑事再审程序在整个刑事诉讼法中有着举足轻重的地位，对此应保持一个科学、合理、正确的态度。
关键词：刑事审判；刑事再审的理由；申诉；新证据；人权保障
Abstract
China’s Criminal Procedure Law provisions on criminal retrial, only five, and are a general requirement, the lack of maneuverability, there are too many uncertainties on the applicable law. First, in the People’s Court, People’s Procuratorate to start the retrial procedure, the grounds are known as the “definite error”, but “definite error” specific, there is no explicit provision. Secondly, according to the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, the parties put forward new evidence is the reason of a statutory start retrial procedures, but finds that the new evidence does not solve the problem in the judicial practice and legislation. Third, our Code of Criminal Procedure is filed the retrial procedure subject to different classification standards for the retrial reason. Retrial filed by the principal, including the accused and their legal representatives, near relatives, have the subject qualification, but do not have the power of retrial procedure started directly, so set the drawbacks is unable to give the defendant the protection of human rights. Setting of the grounds of criminal retrial should be clearly established the prohibition of double jeopardy principles, but can not copy the Anglo-American legal systems, mainly for reference, the absorption of the prohibition of double jeopardy principles embodied in the concept of the protection of human rights embodied in the criminal retrial grounds of judicial and legislative settings. Wrong case accountability system has a positive meaning, but its operation mode of administration and the existence of a series of negative effects, contrary to the trial work. I believe that it can be incorporated into the disciplinary system for judges, and further improve the disciplinary system for judges and their supporting systems. Criminal retrial procedure has a significant place in the Code of Criminal Procedure, which should be kept to a scientific, rational, and the right attitude.
Key words： Criminal Trial The grounds of criminal retrial Appeal
New evidence Protection of human rights
目 录
（二）据以定罪量刑的证据不确实、不充分或者证明案件事实的主要证据之间存在矛盾的
（四）审判人员在审理该案件的时候，有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的
