摘 要
中美关系是当今世界上最重要也最复杂的双边关系之一。两国关系的好坏不仅对中美两国，就是对整个国际社会都将产生重大影响。在双方各种关系中，经贸关系的发展又是重中之重。随着科技的不断进步，经济发展中又涌现出一个重要的标志产业，即知识产权经济。知识产权的获得和保护的好坏己经成为制约一国经济发展的重要杠杆。
从世界正在向知识经济发展的方向来看，知识产权保护的作用应该是居首位的。美国是当今世界经济实力、科技实力最强大的国家。“知识产权富民”，“知识产权强国”在美国已经成为通识。美国特别重视知识产权的作用，所以更重视知识产权本身及其保护，美国不断完善知识产权立法，且具有强有力的和非常有效的执法体系，在知识产权的立法和执法方面有一整套经验，这使其能够充分发挥知识产权是核心竞争力的作用，体现国家竞争优势。了解中美之间的差距，把握知识产权立法的现代化、国际化走向对中国建立和完善各项知识产权管理制度，加强知识产权保护，实施知识产权战略有许多有益的启示。
目前，美国是中国的第二大贸易伙伴，第二大出口市场，第六大进口来源地；中国是美国的第二大贸易伙伴，第三大出口市场，第一大进口来源。随着中国改革开放的不断深化和对外出口的快速增长，中美两国贸易得到了较快的发展。与此同时，中美之间的贸易摩擦不断加剧，而知识产权的争端从未销声匿迹。美国贸易代表一直在年度“特别301条款”报告中把中国列为重点观察国。美国企业频繁利用“337条款”对中国企业出口美国的产品提起知识产权诉讼，中国大陆地区已成为美国337调查最大的受害对象，中国企业的出口潜力不断遭到打击，市场份额被霸占。涉案企业的数量持续增加，涉案的产品结构一再升级，中国企业完全处于被动的局面。
扭转被动局面，加强知识产权保护，促进中美贸易健康持续发展，不仅需一要分析美国的知识产权保护体系、争端的原因，另外还需要研究中国企业所遭受的影响，最重要的是中国政府和企业正确的应对策略。
关键词：贸易摩擦 知识产权保护 商标侵权
Intellectual Property Disputes in Sino-American Trade—The Case of the iPad Trademark
Robert Brown Master of Public Administration
Directed by: BoNai Fan
ABSTRACT
The relationship between China and the United States is one of the most important as well as one of the most complicated bilateral relations in the world. Relations between these two countries not only affect China and the United States, but also greatly impact the entire international society. Of the various relationships, developing economic and trade relations is the most important. With the continued advancement of science and technology, the intellectual property economy has become an important symbol in economic development. Effectually obtaining and protecting intellectual property rights has become an important lever for restricting a countries economic development.
From the perspective of the world developing an intellectual economy, the protection of intellectual property rights should be at the top priority. The United States is the world’s economic powerhouse, science and technology super power and most powerful country. In the United States, things like, “Intellectual property rights enrich people”, and “intellectual property super power” have become common knowledge. The United States pays special attention to the role of intellectual property rights, and thus pays more attention to its own intellectual property rights and their protection. The United States is continually perfecting its intellectual property rights legislation, and has a strong and very effective law enforcement system. Regarding the legislation and enforcement of intellectual property rights the United States has several experiences that can fully demonstrate the core role of intellectual property rights in competition, and represent the nation’s competitive advantage. Understanding the gap between China and the United States, and grasping the modernization of intellectual property rights legislation and the trend of internationalization is beneficial to establishing and perfecting the intellectual property management system, strengthening intellectual property protection, and implementing intellectual property strategy in China.
At present, the United States is China’s second largest trading partner, second largest export market, and sixth largest source of imports; while China is America’s second largest trade partner, third largest export market, and largest source of imports. With the continuous deepening of China’s reform and opening up and the rapid growth of exports, trade between China and the United States developed quickly. At the same time, trade friction between China and the United States is growing, and disputes over intellectual property rights have never disappeared. United States trade representative has always listed China on the priority watch list in the “special 301 report.” American businesses frequently use “clause 337” to file intellectual property lawsuits against Chinese enterprise’s exporting to the United States. Mainland China has become America’s biggest target of 337 surveys, continually striking Chinese enterprises’ export potential and taking over market share. The number of enterprises involved in suites continues to increase, and products involved in cases grow again and again, Chinese enterprises are in a completely passive position.
To reverse this passive situation, strengthen intellectual property rights protection, and promote the sustainable development of Sino-American trade, it is necessary to not only analyze the American system of intellectual property rights protection and the causes of disputes, but it is also necessary to study the effects suffered by Chinese enterprises. However the most important aspect is the Chinese government and enterprises strategy to take action and correct the problem.
Key words：trade friction, intellectual property rights protection, trademark infringement
目 录
2.2.2 适当的知识产权保护对中国国际贸易的促进作用 10
2.2.3 过度的知识产权保护对中国国际贸易的阻碍作用 11
4.1.2 知识产权作为美国出口核心正受到中国的严重威胁 22
4.1.3 后危机时代，基于知识产权的贸易保护主义开始抬头 22
5.3.3政府和企业以知识产权保护为幌子实现贸易保护主义 35
