摘要

换热器是一种完成热量交换的设备，提高它的热交换效率，可以带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益。在工程界换热器的设计是一项关系十分重大的工作，它涉及到很多方面，包括换热器的成本投资、后期的运行状态及使用中的性能状况。结合当代对热交换器的要求，换热器的设计应做到投资成本少、维护费用低以及换热效率高等。众多学者长期致力于这个方面的研究，也取得了相应的成果。随着技术的不断发展以及工业生产很对换热器要求的不断的提高，对热换器的优化设计的研究不断的深入，并且提出了很多的优化设计的方案。同时由于水中氯离子对不锈钢造成的应力腐蚀，会大幅缩短不锈钢制换热器的使用寿命。通过对换热器进行优化设计，提高其热交换效率，减少氯离子应力腐蚀，增加热交换器使用寿命，具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。

针对上述问题文章首先对国内外关于不锈钢制热换器的研究情况进行了统计和分析，从而对本课题的研究背景有了更为深刻的了解。面对型号众多的换热器，如何根据工艺要求评选出最佳的换热器，是设计者们经常遇到的问题。随着科学技术的发展，人们也越来越希望利用现代技术，开发出不锈钢制换热器设计的优化计算和优化结构方法，能使换热器在给定换热量并满足所有约束条件的同时，具有更好的特性。且对于加快化工过程设计与开发，提高换热器设计的效率与准确度等都具有重大的应用价值。

同时不锈钢制热换器由于其所采用的材料的特殊性，在使用过程中容易产生很多的缺陷，其中最大的缺陷就是不锈钢材料在水中氯离子的作用下非常容易发生应力腐蚀，从而影响不锈钢制热换器的使用寿命。在此我们针对不锈钢制壳管式换热器提出了具体的优化方案，在提高效率的同时也减少了氯离子的应力腐蚀作用。

本文提出了新的换热器的优化设计方法，主要是从换热效率、流动特征与结构设计这三个方面对热换器进行了优化设计，同时力求能够寻找出热换器使用性能与运行费用间的关系。传统的传热学致力于研究热量传递的规律，且追求如何使传热效果更好或者是如何使热量不至于散失，而流体流动造成的损失以及采用装置的结构却不是关注的重点。

关键词：不锈钢制热换器，优化设计，氯离子，应力腐蚀

Abstract

Heat exchanger is complete heat exchange equipment, improve its heat efficiency, can bring great social benefits and economic benefits. The heat exchanger design is a very important work, it involves heat transmission equipment investment cost, operation condition and performance status. A good heat exchanger design should be able to do it saving investment, low operating cost and heat transfer effect is good. People have long pay a lot of effort, also made the corresponding effect, but still in front of the request from far. Many people in heat exchanger and the optimization design method proposed the plan, but because of the uncertainty of the optimization design goal and the diversity of the heat exchanger, the optimization design of the heat exchanger is still not perfect. At the same time because the water of chloride ion of stress corrosion caused by stainless steel, will be significantly shorten stainless steel heat exchanger using life. Through the optimized design of heat exchanger, improve the heat efficiency, reduce chloride stress corrosion, increase the heat exchanger service life, has the good social benefits and economic benefits.

The article in view of the above questions first at home and abroad to about the change of stainless steel heating research were statistically analyzed and research, and the research background of this project a more profound understanding. Face many of the heat exchanger model, according to the requirement of process selection out the best heat exchanger, designers are frequently met. With the development of science and technology, people more and more is also hopes to use modern methods, developed a stainless steel heat exchanger design optimization calculation and design structure method, can make the heat exchanger in a given in the heat and meet all the conditions at the same time, it has better properties. And to speed up the chemical process design and development, and improve the design efficiency and accuracy of the heat exchanger has important application value

At the same time stainless steel heating change device because its used materials and particularity of itself and has many defects, one of the biggest is stainless steel materials in the water of the role of chloride ion very vulnerable to corrosion, which affects the use of stainless steel heating in the life. For this we for stainless steel tube and shell heat exchanger put forward specific optimization solution, in improving the efficiency also reduces the chloride ion of stress corrosion function.

This paper puts forward a new optimization design of heat exchanger is to grasp the law heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, flow characteristics and structure size the three influence the main factors of the heat exchanger comprehensive performance, set out to look for the relationship between performance and cost and heat transfer characteristics and operation cost flow asked relationship. The traditional heat transfer is dedicated to the study of the law of heat transfer, and the pursuit of how to make better or heat transfer effect is how to make heat will not be lost, and fluid flow loss caused by the structure of the device and not focus of concern.

Key Words: Stainless steel heating for change，optimal design，chloride ion，stress corrosion