黑龙江居民消费结构分析
摘要
消费作为拉动经济增长的三驾马车之一，对经济增长、社会发展有着巨大的推动作用。而居民消费结构对消费总量有着重大的影响。居民消费结构,是指在一定的社会条件下，居民各项消费支出在消费总支出中所占的比重。居民消费结构的变动及其发展趋势可以反映一个国家或地区社会发展和进步的程度、经济发展的水平和居民生活富裕程度。消费结构关系到消费资料供需能否真正平衡，关系到消费的质量和层次。消费结构不合理,势必影响消费结构与需求结构、产业结构、流通结构、分配结构之间的良性循环,势必影响社会生产、分配、交换、消费诸环节之间的协调运杖,人们的物质文化生活需要也难以得到最大限度的满足。为此，本文对近几年居民消费结构的变化进行分析，从而得出黑龙江省居民消费结构的变化状况以及变动趋势，进而为黑龙江省经济的发展提出建议和意见，同时为国家的宏观经济调控提供依据。
关键字：消费结构 消费总量 宏观调控
Abstract
Consumption is one of the three carriages to spur economic growth, have a great push to the economic growth, social development. The consumption structure of residents have a significant impact on consumption. Residents consumption structure, is under a certain social condition, resident consumption expenditures in the proportion of total consumption expenditure. Economic development changes and development trend of the consumption structure can reflect the social development and the progress of a country or region, the level and degree of residents living in affluence. Consumption structure in relation to the consumer information supply and demand balance can truly, related to the quality and level of consumption. The consumption structure is not reasonable, is bound to affect the benign cycle between consumption structure and demand structure, industry structure, circulation structure, distribution structure, is bound to affect the social production, distribution, exchange, and coordinated transport staff between consumption of various links, people’s material and cultural life needs are also difficult to get maximum satisfaction. Therefore, this article carries on the analysis to the change in recent years, the consumption structure of residents, so that changes in the consumption structure of residents in Heilongjiang province and the change trend, and then puts forward some suggestions and opinions for the development of the economy in Heilongjiang Province, and to provide the basis for the national macroeconomic regulation and control.
Keywords: consumption structure consumption macro-control
目录
1 引言………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
1.1 研究目的和研究意义………………………………………………………………………. 2
1.2 国内外专家学者的研究观点综述…………………………………………………….. 3
1.2.1 国外专家学者的研究观点综述………………………………………………. 3
1.2.2 国内专家学者的研究观点综述………………………………………………. 4
1.3 研究的主要内容及拟解决的问题…………………………………………………….. 4
2 黑龙江居民消费结构分析………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1 居民消费结构纵向考察…………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1.1 1978年至1992年的消费结构状况………………………………………… 5
2.1.2 1993年至2007年的消费结构状况………………………………………… 5
2.2 居民消费结构横向分析…………………………………………………………………… 6
3黑龙江省居民消费结构的影响因素……………………………………………………………… 8
3.1 居民收入水平…………………………………………………………………………………. 8
3.2 商品价格水平…………………………………………………………………………………. 8
3.3 社会保障水平…………………………………………………………………………………. 8
3.4 居民消费习惯…………………………………………………………………………………. 8
3.5 其他因素………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
4黑龙江省居民消费结构存在的问题……………………………………………………………. 10
4.1 消费习惯保守储蓄占收入比重过高……………………………………………….. 10
4.2 居民的消费结构中恩格尔系数偏高……………………………………………….. 10
4.3 消费领域相对狭窄消费结构不合理……………………………………………….. 10
4.4 居民消费环境差市场秩序有待规范……………………………………………….. 11
5黑龙江省居民消费结构问题的原因及对策…………………………………………………. 12
5.1 消费结构问题的原因…………………………………………………………………….. 12
5.1.1 我国传统计划经济时期消费习惯影响………………………………….. 12
5.1.2 收入增加与收入差距的拉大………………………………………………… 13
5.1.3 消费生产和消费需求的不同………………………………………………… 13
5.1.4 制度环境和消费环境的影响………………………………………………… 14
5.2 黑龙江省居民消费结构合理化的对策……………………………………………. 14
5.2.1 提高居民收入改善消费习惯………………………………………………… 14
5.2.2 调整产业结构促进消费结构优化…………………………………………. 15
5.2.3 改善消费环境拓宽消费领域………………………………………………… 15
5.2.4 改善居民消费环境与市场秩序…………………………………………….. 15
6 结语………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
