比较优势理论与黑龙江省农业对外贸易发展研究
摘 要
比较优势理论在国际贸易中具有广泛的应用，不少国家运用比较优势理论在对外贸易中“两利相权取其重，两弊相权取其轻”的原则，集中生产并出口其具有“比较优势”的产品，进口其具有“比较劣势”的产品，在对外贸易中取得了不断的发展。中国具有丰富的劳动力资源，出口具有比较优势的劳动密集型产品是多年来中国农产品出口的基本战略。基于比较优势理论，中国应该向国际市场出口具有比较优势的劳动密集型农产品，实现资源的有效配置，增加社会福利。国在对外贸易特别是农业对外贸易中也要不断的趋利避害，不断额增强自己的优势产业，从而不断的调整农业产业结构，本文以黑龙江省农业对外贸易的发展模式为例，研究了比较优势理论在农业对外贸易发展中的作用，该理论在黑龙江农业的对外贸易的发展中发挥了重要的作用，进一步的促进农业产业结构的调整，使之更加的合理化，促进农业产业朝着多元化的方向发展，同时也指出了该理论在具体的运用中出现的问题，在实际中不断的完善该理论，在实际中从而不断的指导对外贸易的发展，同时对黑龙江省的农业的发展提出了建议，提出将比较优势与竞争优势相结合，建立“以比较优势为基础，以竞争优势为导向的农产品出口战略”，并将此战略作为现阶段黑龙江农业对外贸易发展的基本战略。
关键词：比较优势理论；黑龙江农业；对外贸易
ABSTRACT
The theory of comparative advantage in international trade is widely used in many countries, using the theory of comparative advantage in foreign trade in the” benefit of the heavy, two disadvantages of the lesser ” principle, focus on production and export has a” comparative advantage” products, imports of having” comparative advantage” products, in foreign trade has achieved constant development. China has rich labor resources, export comparative advantage in labor-intensive products over the years is the basic strategy of Chinese agricultural product export. Based on the theory of comparative advantage, China should exports to international markets has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive agricultural products, realize the effective configuration of resource, increase the social welfare. Country in foreign trade especially agricultural foreign trade should continue to draw on the advantages and avoid disadvantages, and constantly enhance their own value advantage industry, so as to continuously adjust agricultural industry structure, this paper takes Heilongjiang Province agricultural foreign trade development mode for example, study of the theory of comparative advantage in agriculture function in foreign trade development, the theory of agriculture in Heilongjiang foreign trade plays a vital role in the development, further promote the adjustment of agricultural industry structure, make it more reasonable, promote agricultural industry towards the direction of diversification, but also pointed out that the theory in specific application problems in practice, constantly improve the theory, in practice to continue to guide the development of foreign trade, at the same time, to Heilongjiang province agriculture development offerred a proposal.
Key words: comparative advantage theory; agriculture in Heilongjiang; foreign trade
目 录
（二）、加强农业支持，完善社会化服务体系，从根本上提高农业竞争力… 12
（三）、搞好农产品质量认证，突破绿色壁垒，降低交易成本… 12
