摘要
金融危机背景下，我国制造业企业曾出现了大量倒闭的现象，通信设备制造业作为我国高新技术产业的一个分支，近年来得到了较大的发展。然而，金融危机以来，随着国际市场竞争的加剧、经济的衰退，通信设备制造业遭受了一定程度的冲击，总产值下降、企业个数减少等，这些引发了笔者对通信设备制造业国际竞争力现状的关注。本文通过应用Burton（1993）的多层次产业国际竞争力体系基本思路，对通信设备制造业的国际竞争力指数进行了测算，并应用波特的钻石理论为框架，对通信设备制造业国际竞争力的来源进行了分析。本文的全部结论如下：
第一，通信设备制造业的国际竞争力近年来呈现出增长态势，尤其是在2003年发生了大发展，其后增长保持快速，在2006年和金融危机过后的2009年有轻微下滑，竞争力的上升趋势虽然保持不变但是竞争力并不稳定，且增长的速度越来越慢。
第二，根据对我国通信设备制造业的国际竞争力来源的实证分析结果可以看出，R&D的投入对我国通信设备制造业国际竞争力的提升具有正向作用。这说明我国的通信设备制造业R&D投资处于要素的规模递增阶段，R&D的投资增加有助于实现通信设备制造业的规模经济形成。
第三，FDI对我国通信设备制造业的国际竞争力影响是正向的。随着国外的厂商来我国进行投资建厂，或者设立科研机构，再加上我国通信设备制造业资金密集型的特性，因而有助于我国通信设备制造业学习国外技术并进行研发创新和生产水平和生产经验的积累和学习。
第四，工业化程度有助于提升我国通信设备制造业的国际竞争力。也就是说，随着我国工业化程度的提升，工业结构的调整，通信设备制造业会从中受益，从而提升竞争力。
第五，固定资产投资结构存在不合理。这主要是我国通信设备制造业产业结构不合理，存在一些产能过剩和竞争力弱的行业领域，继续的固定资产投资无法提升其收益，因而应当对固定资产投资结构进行调整。
最后的对策建议部分，本文借鉴了刘林青等（2010）的治理框架，从政府和企业两个角度对通讯设备制造业国际竞争力的提升提出了对策和建议。
关键词：国际竞争力；通信设备制造业；实证；
Research of International Competitiveness of Chinese Communication Equipment Manufacturing
Abstract
Since the financial crisis, China once suffered a manufacturing business failure. Communications equipment manufacturing industry as a branch of the high-tech industries in China in recent years has been greater development. However, since the financial crisis, as the international market competition, recession, telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry suffered a shock. The industrial output value decreased to reduce the number of enterprises. These led to the concern of scholars on the status of communications equipment manufacturing industry international competitiveness. According to Burton, (1993) findings, the telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry international competitiveness index was calculated. By applying Porter’s diamond theory as a framework, the sources of international competitiveness in communications equipment manufacturing. All the conclusions of the article are as follows:
First, in recent years, the international competitiveness of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry showing growth; especially competitive in 2003, rose sharply, and growing fast. In 2006 and 2009, the competitiveness has experienced a small decline. Competitiveness of an upward trend has not changed, but the competitiveness is not stable, and the growth speed is getting slower and slower.
Second, the empirical results based on the international competitiveness of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry sources, the R & D investment has a positive role in the enhancement of international competitiveness of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry. This shows that China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry R & D investment to help achieve economies of scale increments, also contribute to the achievement of economies of scale of the communications equipment manufacturing.
Third, the international competitiveness of FDI on China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry is positive. In recent years, more and more foreign manufacturers in China do investment and build factories, or the establishment of research institutions. Coupled with the characteristics of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry and capital-intensive, FDI contributes to China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry study of foreign technology and research and innovation.
Fourth, the degree of industrialization helps to improve the international competitiveness of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry. In other words, with the degree of upgrading of China’s industrialization, the adjustment of industrial structure, communications equipment manufacturing industry will benefit from it, thereby enhancing competitiveness.
Fifth, the fixed asset investment structure is irrational. This is mainly because of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry irrational industrial structure. Our country there are still some of the industry, there is production overcapacity and weak competitiveness and other features. For these industries, the continued investment in fixed assets cannot raise its earnings. Thus, I propose to adjust the investment structure of the fixed assets.
Finally, this paper cited Liu et al (2010) Governance Framework and analyzed the solutions to the development of international competitiveness of China’s telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry from the two angles of Government and the Corporations.
Key words: International Competitiveness; Ttelecommunications Equipment Manufacturing Industry; Empirical
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