汇率和物价是经济生活中备受关注的两个经济变量。随着我国经济日益与世界经济的融合，汇率作为货币的价格，与我们的日常生活日益息息相关，同时汇率的变动对经济的健康运行也会产生重大影响，它影响着工商企业的跨国投资决策，也影响着金融机构的经营决策。随着信用经济和符号经济的不断发展，随着世界经济、金融全球化和我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善以及汇率市场化改革进程的加快，汇率对经济的观调控已频繁运用汇率杠杆，汇率政策业已成为各国中央银行调控货币需求、进而调节经济运行的主要段，它正发挥越来越重要的作用。因此，正确运用汇率政策应有的调控功能，准确分析汇率水平对国民经济的影响，特别是对物价水平的影响就更具有重大的理论意义和实践价值。
本文首先分析了人民币汇率的现状和人民币汇率的影响因素；接着给出了人民币变动对国内物价的影响渠道，主要从出口贸易途径、居民消费价格和外资外债的对国内物价进行影响；最后给出了治理和预防通货膨胀的政策建议，主要从灵活的货币政策、扩大内需和控制稀缺产品三个方面进行分析论述。
关键词：国内物价；通货膨胀；影响因素；人民币汇率
Exchange rate and prices in the economic life of the two economic variables of concern. As China’s economy is increasingly integrated world economy, the exchange rate as a monetary price, and more closely related to our daily lives, while the exchange rate movements on the healthy operation of the economy will have a significant impact, which affects investment decisions of transnational businesses, also affects the business decisions of financial institutions. With the credit economy and symbolic economy continues to develop, as the world economy, financial globalization and China’s socialist market economic system continuously improved and the exchange rate to speed up the process of market reform, the exchange rate impact on the economy growing, has been reflect the macroeconomic situation as an important economic indicator. Macro-control has been frequently around the world leverage the use of the exchange rate, exchange rate policy has become the central banks control the money demand, thereby regulating the operation of the main section of the economy, it is playing an increasingly important role. Therefore, the proper use of the regula more of great theoretical and practical value.
This article first analyzes the status of the RMB exchange rate and RMB exchange rate factors; then give RMB impact on domestic prices change channels, channels from the export trade, consumer prices and foreign debt of the impact on domestic prices; Finally, the governance and policy recommendations to prevent inflation, mainly from the flexible monetary policy to expand domestic demand and control of scarce products, discusses the three aspects.
Key words: factors; domestic price; inflation; exchange rate
ABSTRCT………………………………………………………. II
（一）研究背景和意义……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
（二）国内外研究现状……………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
二、汇率与物价的关系……………………………………………… 4
（一）汇率与物价的基本逻辑关系……………………………………………………………………… 4
（二）汇率与物价的传递机制…………………………………………………………………………….. 4
1.直接传递机制…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
2.间接传递机制…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
（一）我国人民币汇率政策的现状……………………………………………………………………… 7
（二） 我国物价发展现状………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
（三）人民币汇率的影响因素…………………………………………………………………………….. 9
1.利率的影响………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
2.相对膨胀率和国家的经济增长率………………………………………………………………… 9
3.国际收支………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
四、人民币汇率变动对国内物价水平影响渠道…………………………… 11
（一）人民币汇率变动通过进出口贸易途径对国内物价水平产生影响……………….. 11
（二）人民币汇率变动通过对国内居民的消费价格作用于 国内物价水平………….. 11
（三）人民币汇率变动通过利用外资外债对国内物价产生影响…………………………. 12
五、治理和预防通货膨胀的政策建议………………………………….. 13
（一）实行灵活的货币政策………………………………………………………………………………. 13
1.适时选择从紧的货币政策…………………………………………………………………………. 13
2.进一步深化外汇体制改革…………………………………………………………………………. 13
（二）积极扩大内需以减少对外依存度…………………………………………………………….. 14
1.提高城乡居民收入水平和完善社会保障制度…………………………………………….. 14
2.控制投资过快增长对物价的冲击………………………………………………………………. 14
（三）控制一些稀缺产品的上涨趋势………………………………………………………………… 15
参考文献……………………………………………………….. 16
