摘 要
我国自改革开放以来，尤其是进入 20 世纪 90 年代以来，农产品对外贸易发展迅速，我国农产品进出口规模持续上升，占世界农产品贸易额的比重不断提高。2004 年，我国首次在农产品贸易领域出现逆差。我国从农产品净出口国转变为农产品净进口国。2005 年以来，尽管我国农产品出口形势有所好转，但总体贸易环境和发展形势仍不容乐观。我国农产品在国际市场上竞争力较弱，出口贸易的产品结构比较单一，只有蔬果类、肉类、和水产类等少数几类农产品具有较强的贸易竞争力，存在较为显著的贸易顺差，其他大部分的农产品出口规模都很小。
在这种形势下，对陕西省农产品出口贸易结构变化及其影响因素进行研究分析，不仅有助于正确认识陕西省农产品贸易发展趋势，而且对促进和增强陕西省农产品出口贸易的发展具有重要的战略意义。本文在国内外有关研究成果的基础上，进一步对陕西省农产品的出口贸易结构及其影响因素进行分析。本文基于国内外有关研究成果和统计分析资料，分析陕西省农产品出口贸易结构的变化，进而从定量和定性的角度对陕西省农产品出口贸易结构变化的影响因素进行了分析，提出与之相应的政策建议，以提高陕西省农产品的贸易竞争力，优化陕西省农产品的出口贸易结构。
关键词：农产品；出口贸易；竞争力
ABSTRACT
In our country since the reform and opening up, especially since the 90s of the 20th century, agricultural product foreign trade rapid development, our country agricultural product import and export scale continued to rise, increasing the proportion of the total world trade volume of agricultural products. 2004, China’s first trade deficit in the field of agricultural products. China from net exports of agricultural products into a net importer of agricultural products. Since 2005, although China’s agricultural export situation has improved, but the overall trade environment and development situation is still not optimistic. China’s agricultural products in the international market competitiveness is weak, the product structure of export trade relatively simple, only fruits and vegetables, meat, and aquatic products, the type of a few agricultural products with strong competitiveness in the trade, there is a significant trade surplus, the other most of the agricultural products the export scale is very small.
In this situation, to change the export structure of the agricultural products in Shaanxi Province and its influencing factors were analyzed, not only contribute to a correct understanding of the Shaanxi Province agricultural product trade development trend, but also to promote and enhance the development of the export trade of agricultural products in Shaanxi Province has important strategic significance. On the basis of relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the export trade structure and its influencing factors of agricultural products in Shaanxi province. The based on the domestic and foreign relevant research results and the statistical analysis of data. Analysis Shaanxi Province agricultural products export trade structure change, and factors influencing on the structural changes of export trade of agricultural products in Shaanxi Province from the perspective of quantitative and qualitative analysis, in order to improve the international competitiveness of agricultural products in Shaanxi Province, optimize the structure of export of agricultural products in Shaanxi Province.
KEY WORDS：Agricultural products;Export trade;Competitiveness
目 录
1 绪 论………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 研究背景及意义…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1.1 研究背景…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1.2 研究意义…………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 国内外研究现状…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
1.2.1 国外研究现状………………………………………………………………………………. 2
1.2.2 国内研究现状………………………………………………………………………………. 2
1.3 研究内容……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.4 研究方法……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
2相关概念与基础理论………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1 概念界定……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1.1 农产品……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
2.1.2 贸易影响因素的研究…………………………………………………………………….. 5
2.2 贸易基础理论……………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
2.2.1 绝对优势理论………………………………………………………………………………. 6
2.2.2 比较优势理论………………………………………………………………………………. 7
2.2.3要素禀赋理论……………………………………………………………………………….. 7
2.2.4 相互需求论…………………………………………………………………………………. 7
2.2.5 规模经济与不完全竞争………………………………………………………………….. 8
3陕西农产品出口贸易现状及问题分析…………………………………………………………………… 9
3.1 陕西农产品产出现状………………………………………………………………………………. 9
3.1.1 陕西农产品播种面积与产量分析……………………………………………………… 9
3.1.2 陕西农产品产值规模分析…………………………………………………………….. 10
3.2 陕西农产品出口贸易概况………………………………………………………………………. 11
3.2.1 陕西农产品出口贸易规模分析………………………………………………………. 11
3.2.2 陕西农产品出口贸易产品结构分析………………………………………………… 12
3.2.3 陕西农产品出口贸易地理方向分析………………………………………………… 13
3.3陕西农产品出口贸易结构特征…………………………………………………………………. 14
3.3.1 出口总量结构特征………………………………………………………………………. 14
3.3.2 出口产品结构特征………………………………………………………………………. 14
3.3.3 出口市场结构特征………………………………………………………………………. 16
3.4 农产品出口贸易存在的问题…………………………………………………………………… 16
3.4.1 农产品出口种类结构不合理………………………………………………………….. 16
3.4.2 农产品出口市场高度集中…………………………………………………………….. 17
3.4.3 农产品出口质量有待提高…………………………………………………………….. 17
3.4.4 出口农产品加工程度低………………………………………………………………… 17
3.4.5 农产品出口地位有待提升…………………………………………………………….. 18
4影响陕西农产品出口贸易因素分析……………………………………………………………………. 19
4.1 价格竞争对陕西农产品贸易出口的影响……………………………………………………. 19
4.2 品牌对陕西农产品贸易出口的影响………………………………………………………….. 19
4.3 质量对陕西农产品贸易出口的影响………………………………………………………….. 20
4.4 本国市场需求对陕西农产品贸易出口的影响……………………………………………… 21
4.5 产业链对农产品国际竞争力的影响………………………………………………………….. 21
4.6 政府对陕西农产品贸易出口的影响………………………………………………………….. 21
5提升陕西农产品出口贸易的策略……………………………………………………………………….. 23
5.1 努力推进外向型经济的发展和树立品牌形象……………………………………………… 23
5.2 优化陕西出口市场结构和建立多元化市场格局………………………………………….. 23
5.3 提高政府的扶持力度和提高产品的国际竞争力………………………………………….. 24
5.4 建立生产基地和优化农产品出口结构………………………………………………………. 25
6 结 论………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
致 谢……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
