摘 要
农业是国民经济的基础产业，它的健康良好发展与否不仅会通过原料供给等环节间接影响第二产业、第三产业，而且直接关系到人民的温饱问题，关系到广大农民的生活水平以及农村的发展。因此，只有农业发展了、农民富裕了、农村稳定了，才能保障整个社会的稳定，保证国家的繁荣与和谐。然而，我国陕西地区农业生态环境脆弱，各种农业灾害分布广泛、发生频繁，严重制约了陕西农业经济乃至整个国民经济的可持续发展，也成为影响我国陕西地区政治稳定和社会稳定的重要因素。
政府财政保障农业自然灾害对于经济发展和社会稳定的不利影响，凸显了对农业自然灾害进行积极有效救助的必要性，同时也体现了健全和完善农业自然灾害救助制度体系的重要性。建立健全农业自然灾害救助制度体系，是符合我国国情和国际发展趋势的。我们应立足我国现阶段的实际情况，转变救助观念，将单纯的暂时摆脱困难的救助目标转变成保障基本生活、恢复农业生产的可持续的科学的救助目标；梳理整合现有的法规和文件，制定位阶较高的专门性法律，对政府财政救助、农业保险赔付和社会捐赠救助等救助方式以及其具体内容和相关配套措施进行科学系统的规范，以此保障我国农业自然灾害救助工作能够高效有序地进行，促进我国农业的发展；保障社会秩序的稳定。
关键词；农业；自然灾害救助；农业保险
Agriculture is the basic industry of the national economy, its healthy development not only through the supply of raw materials and other aspects of the indirect effects of the second industry and the third industry and is directly related to people’s food and clothing problem in relation to farmers’ life level and rural development. Therefore, only the development of agriculture, the farmers rich, rural stability, in order to ensure the stability of the whole society, to ensure the prosperity and harmony of the country. However, China’s Shaanxi Province agricultural and ecological environment is fragile, agricultural disasters are widely distributed, frequently occur, which seriously restrict the Shaanxi agricultural economy and even the entire national economy sustainable development, has become an important factor affecting China’s Shaanxi Province political stability and social stability.
Adverse effects of finance to support agricultural natural disaster to economic development and social stability, highlighting the positive and effective rescue the necessity of agricultural natural disaster, but also reflects the sound and perfect the importance of agricultural natural disaster relief system. To establish and perfect the system of agricultural natural disaster relief system is in line with China’s national conditions and international development trend. We should based on the present stage of our country’s actual situation, change the concept of relief, the simple temporarily get rid of difficult rescue target change as a guarantee of the basic life, restore agricultural production sustainable scientific goal of assistance; combing the integration of existing regulations and documents, position of higher order special law, to government bailouts, payment of the agricultural insurance and social relief donations and other assistance and its specific content and relevant supporting measures for the specification of system science, in order to protect agricultural natural disaster relief work in an orderly and efficient manner, promote the development of agriculture in our country, safeguard the stability of the social order.
KEY WORDS：agriculture; natural disaster relief; agricultural insurance
目 录
2相关概念界定和理论基础…………………………………….. 9
2.1.3政府财政保障机制……………………………….. 10
2.3关于农灾防治机制的选择………………………………. 12
3陕西农业自然灾害救助体系构建现状及问题分析………………….. 14
3.1.1陕西地区地理环境特征……………………………. 14
3.1.2陕西地区农业自然灾害的特点………………………. 14
3.1.3陕西地区主要的农业自然灾害类型…………………… 15
3.1.4陕西地区近年来发生的农灾情况…………………….. 16
3.2陕西农业自然灾害的防治机制…………………………… 17
3.2.1陕西农灾防治的法律保障机制………………………. 17
3.2.2陕西农灾防治的制度保障机制………………………. 18
3.2.3陕西农灾防治的社会参与保障机制…………………… 19
3.3陕西农业自然灾害救助体系构建存在的问题………………… 20
3.3.1农业自然灾害救助立法层级低且零散…………………. 20
3.3.2农业自然灾害救助物资储备法律规定缺乏可操作性………. 20
3.3.3农业自然巧害救助资金法律保障不足…………………. 21
3.3.4农业自然灾害救助运行机制不健全…………………… 21
4国外自然灾害救助体系带来的启示和经验……………………….. 23
4.1美国农业自然灾害救助体系经验…………………………. 23
4.1.1美国农业自然灾害政府救巧………………………… 23
4.1.2美国农业自然灾害保险制度………………………… 23
4.2日本农业自然灾害救助体系经验…………………………. 24
4.2.1日本农业自然灾害政府救助制度…………………….. 24
4.2.2日本农业自然灾害保险制度………………………… 24
4.3国外农业自然灾害救助体系对陕西的启示………………….. 25
4.3.1专门的农业自然灾害教助机构………………………. 25
4.3.2充分支持和发展农业保险………………………….. 25
5陕西农业自然灾害救助建议………………………………….. 26
5.1加大财政投入支持陕西农灾保险体系建设………………….. 26
5.2规范财政保障资金预算和投入力度……………………….. 26
5.3加强农灾防治资金使用的有效监督……………………….. 27
