钱钟书小说集《人·兽·鬼》与夏目漱石小说《我是猫》的讽刺艺术
摘要
钱钟书在中国现当代文坛算是一位天才级的作家，他文章中贴切的比喻及辛辣的讽刺，可谓无与伦比堪称一绝。而夏目漱石在日本近代文学史上享有很高的地位，被称为“国民大作家”。他对东西方的文化均有很高造诣，既是英文学者，又精擅俳句、汉诗和书法。他们不仅对各色知识分子描绘的活灵活现，而且对当时的时政及人事也进行了鞭辟入里，畅快淋漓的嘲讽和揭露。通过对钱钟书、夏目漱石小说《人·兽·鬼》、《我是猫》的分析，得出了小说中讽刺艺术的价值和体现。本文从小说中讽刺艺术的概述入手，分析了讽刺艺术的概念、夸张手法的运用 、运用对比映衬手法塑造人物形象，强化讽刺效果、运用典型细节揭露人物的矛盾 、在客观的描写中隐藏着讽刺。并且研究了钱钟书小说集《人·兽·鬼》的讽刺艺术，从 反省知识分子身份、 悬浮于反讽的人物之间、反省现代生活方式三个方面对钱钟书小说中的讽刺艺术进行了分析。再者，对夏目漱石小说《我是猫》中对知识分子进行嘲讽、对社会现状进行嘲讽等进行了分析和研究，归纳了两者在小说中的讽刺艺术。最后，将《人·兽·鬼》与《我是猫》的讽刺艺术进行比较分析，即：讽刺手法灵活，大量运用反语、巧妙的将主观和客观结合起来、讽刺尖锐直接，风格滑稽，以旨在说明两人在小说写作中讽刺手法的运用及体现。
关键词：钱钟书；《人·兽·鬼》；夏目漱石；《我是猫》；讽刺艺术
Qian Zhongshu is a genius writer in modern Chinese literary circles. His metaphor and his spicy irony can be described as unparalleled. And Natsume Soseki in the history of modern Japanese literature enjoys a high status, known as the “national writer.” He has a high attainments to the culture of the East and the West, both English scholars, fine fine haiku, Chinese poetry and calligraphy. They not only on the various intellectuals depict the vivid, but also on the current affairs and personnel also carried a whip into the inside, fun dripping ridicule and expose. Through the analysis of Qian Zhongshu and Natsume Soseki ‘s novels of “man and beast”, “I am a cat”, I get the value and manifestation of satire in the novel. This paper analyzes the concept of satire and the use of exaggeration, and uses the contrastive silhouette to shape the characters, strengthen the irony effect, expose the contradictions of the characters with the typical details, and hide the irony in the objective description The And studied the satirical art of Qian Zhongshu’s novels “human and beast ghosts”, from the reflection of the identity of intellectuals, suspended in the irony between the characters, reflect on the modern way of life in three aspects of Qian Zhongshu’s satirical art The analysis. In addition, the author analyzes and studies the intellectuals in Natsume Soseki’s novel “I am a cat”, ridiculed the social status quo and summed up the satirical art of the two in the novel. Finally, the “human beast ghost” and “I am a cat” satire art for comparative analysis, namely: ironic tactics flexible, extensive use of irony, cleverly will be subjective and objective combination, ironically sharp, funny style Which aims to illustrate the use and expression of satire in the writing of novels.
Key words: Qian Zhongshu; “man and beast ghost”; Natsume Soseki; “I am a cat”; satire art
目 录
一、小说中讽刺艺术的概述……………………………………. 1
（一）讽刺艺术的概念……………………………………. 1
（二）夸张手法的运用……………………………………. 1
（三）运用对比映衬手法塑造人物形象，强化讽刺效果…………… 1
（四）运用典型细节揭露人物的矛盾…………………………. 1
（五）在客观的描写中隐藏着讽刺…………………………… 1
二、钱钟书小说集《人·兽·鬼》的讽刺艺术……………………… 1
（一） 反省知识分子身份…………………………………. 2
（二） 悬浮于反讽的人物之间……………………………… 2
（三） 反省现代生活方式…………………………………. 2
三、夏目漱石小说《我是猫》的讽刺艺术…………………………. 2
（一）讽刺对象多元化……………………………………. 2
1.对知识分子进行嘲讽………………………………… 2
2.对社会现状进行嘲讽………………………………… 2
四、《人·兽·鬼》与《我是猫》的讽刺艺术比较分析……………….. 2
（一）讽刺手法灵活，大量运用反语…………………………. 2
（二）巧妙的将主观和客观结合起来…………………………. 3
（三）讽刺尖锐直接，风格滑稽…………………………….. 3
结语……………………………………………………… 4
参考文献………………………………………………….. 5
