Abstract
With the development of China, the cross-cultural communication is more and more familiar. Translation plays an important role in international area for improving the communication of countries. Chinese and English have great differences reflected in languages, philosophical traditions and even thinking modes. Owing to those differences, it brings some obstacles to both C-E and E-C translation. During translation, it is necessary to adopt some necessary techniques such as addition and omission to satisfy functional equivalence.
Through comparison of Chinese and English from the aspects of essence difference, philosophical traditions and thinking modes, the author deals with the application of addition and omission to C-E and E-C translation respectively. There are various types of addition. In C-E translation, this thesis focuses on addition of grammatical words and cultural background, while in E-C translation, addition because of grammar and semantic meanings are analyzed. Omission also has different types. In C-E translation, the author describes two types: omission because of avoiding repetition and omission because of grammatical requirement. In E-C translation, omission of grammatical words and omission of redundant part are frequently used to achieve the effect of succinctness.
The study is an analysis of addition and omission, which can bring about some positive effects to the academic writings of different translation techniques. And it can guide some translators in their translation.
Key Words: translation; differences; addition; omission
摘 要
随着中国的不断发展，跨文化交流越来越频繁，而翻译在各国的交流中充当着非常重要的角色。汉语和英语在本质特征、哲学传统甚至思维方式上都有着很大的不同。正因为这些不同，在英汉互译的过程中出现了种种困难，因此采用一些翻译技巧是非常有必要的，例如增词法和减词法。
通过对汉语和英语在本质特征、哲学传统以及思维方式方面的对比，本文主要围绕着增词法和减词法在英汉互译中的应用而展开。增词法有很多类型。在汉英翻译中，本文主要分析了增加语法词汇以及文化背景两种类型。而在英汉翻译中，由于语法及语义的增词是很常见的。减词法也有着很多类型。在汉英翻译中，本文聚焦于两种类型：由于重复及语法需要的减词。在英汉翻译中，语法词汇及冗长部分的删减也有利于达到简介的效果。
本文致力于分析增词法和减词法的应用，希望可以给不同翻译技巧的学术写作起到积极的影响，同时也能在翻译过程中知道译者。
关键词：翻译；区别；增词法；减词法
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