企业信用缺失的治理
摘 要
信用是市场经济的基础，没有信用，市场经济不能健康发展。贷款业务是一种无形的资产，是企业从事社会活动的通行证。信用问题是中国的现实经济转型的一个大问题。市场经济是经济体制、信用经济，良好的社会信用是用来建立和完善社会主义制度，保障基本的市场经济的法律基础。随着市场经济的企业主体，对国民经济的促进和发展起着重要的作用。随着不断的发展和各类企业在中国的扩张，信用缺失已成为推进市场经济发展的障碍。同时我们也充分认识到信贷发展经济和信用体系的建设，并在必要性和重要性方面发挥了积极的作用。由于种种原因，目前缺乏企业信用问题十分突出。企业信用问题主要表现在商业、金融、生产、营销和财务方面。信用缺失，使经营环境恶化发展，同时也困扰着企业的生存和发展。对于企业来说，商业信用管理是一项复杂的工程，从基本的治理和防范企业信用风险，有必要立足于信息和保护所有社会法制建设创造一个道德和伦理建设信用管理系统。通过企业产权清晰，建立信用管理体制和有效的公司治理体系，形成信用监督机制和有效约束，进一步深化经济体制改革、完善信用立法、加快产权和企业信用等方面来治理企业信用缺失的问题，从多个角度提出了相应的整改措施，规范企业信用行为，以提高市场经济体制的运行效率，缩短信用建设进程。
关键词： 企业信用，信用缺失，表现，原因，治理
Lack of enterprise credit management
ABSTRACT
Credit is the foundation of market economy, there is no credit, can’t healthy development of market economy. Loan business is a kind of intangible assets, is an enterprise engaged in social activities. The credit question is a big problem to the reality of China’s economic transformation. Market economy is the economic system, credit economy, good social credit is used to establish and perfect the socialist system, safeguard the basic law of market economy. With the enterprises the main body of the market economy, to the promotion and development of the national economy plays an important role. With the constant development and the expansion of of all kinds enterprise in China, credit loss has become an obstacle to the measures for promoting the development of the market economy. At the same time we also fully understand the credit economy development and the construction of credit system, and has played a positive role in the necessity and importance. Due to various reasons, the lack of enterprise credit problem is very outstanding. Enterprise credit problems in business, finance, production, marketing and financial aspects. Lack of credit, make the business development, environmental degradation and affects the survival and development of the enterprise. For enterprises, commercial credit management is a complex project, from the basic management and guard against credit risk, it is necessary to based on the information and the protection of all social legal system construction to create a moral and ethical construction of credit management system. Through the enterprise clear property rights, the establishment of credit management system and effective corporate governance system, the formation of credit supervision mechanism and effective constraint, further deepening the reform of economic system, perfecting the credit legislation, speed up the property rights and enterprise credit to such a lack of enterprise credit problems, put forward the corresponding improvement measures from multiple angles, regulating the behavior of enterprise credit, to improve the efficiency of the operation of the market economy system, shorten the process of credit construction.
KEYWORDS：lack of enterprise credit, credit, performance, the reason and governance
目 录
1.1 商业信用的缺失…………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.2 资金信用缺失…………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.3 企业信誉缺失…………………………………………………………………………….. 2
1.4 金融信用缺失…………………………………………………………………………….. 2
1.5 生产信用缺失…………………………………………………………………………….. 2
2.1 社会历史、环境原因………………………………………………………………….. 4
2.1.1 市场经济发展还不成熟……………………………………………………. 4
2.1.2 整个社会缺乏信用意识和信用道德规范…………………………… 4
2.1.3 与消费者维权不力紧密相关…………………………………………….. 5
2.1.4 信用评价机制不健全……………………………………………………….. 5
2.2 信息不对称………………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.3 产权制度不明确…………………………………………………………………………. 6
2.3.1 政府信用管理体系不健全………………………………………………… 6
2.3.2 地方保护主义导致企业信用缺失……………………………………… 6
2.3.3 信用信息的市场开放度低………………………………………………… 7
2.4 制度变迁……………………………………………………………………………………. 7
2.5 企业自身原因…………………………………………………………………………….. 8
2.5.1 企业内部信用管理薄弱……………………………………………………. 8
2.5.2 企业经营者对不诚信经营行为的高度容忍……………………….. 8
2.5.3 企业对“诚信”准则的“自觉违反”………………………………. 8
3 治理我国企业信用缺失的对策……………………………….. 9
3.1 进一步深化经济体制改革…………………………………………………………… 9
3.2 健全信用立法…………………………………………………………………………….. 9
3.3 加快产权改制…………………………………………………………………………… 10
3.4 大力宣传信用理念……………………………………………………………………. 10
3.5 加大惩罚和监管力度………………………………………………………………… 10
3.6 建立三大制度……………………………………………………………………………. 11
3.6.1 开展联合征信活动………………………………………………………….. 11
3.6.2 完善信用评级制度………………………………………………………….. 11
3.6.3 建立信用信息披露制度…………………………………………………… 11
3.7 构建企业信用公示制度…………………………………………………………….. 12
3.8 延伸监管内涵，着力培育发展诚信市场环境…………………………….. 12
3.9 经营者要以身作则，坚持诚信经营…………………………………………… 12
