浅论我国死刑制度的命运
夏有乱政而作《禹刑》，商有乱政而作《汤刑》，周有乱政而作《九刑》。”刑罚作为国家维护社会秩序的利器，历来被统治阶级所重视，刑罚中最残酷的死刑更是如此。从夏商的炮烙、醢、脯，到春秋战国时期的烹、焚、辕、磔、绞、斩、沉河、腰斩、枭首、戮尸、族诛、弃市再到唐以后的凌迟，直至现在的枪决，随着时代的变迁，死刑的行刑方式也在不断地变化。近代以来，随着人文主义思想的兴起和人权观念的普及，死刑，因为其残酷性和反人道性开始受到质疑。个人认为，死刑是一个硬币的两面，是一把双刃剑，是一个国家政治、经济、社会、风俗和文化的缩影。一个国家是否要废除死刑，要看是否具备社会物质文化条件。本文以严格限制和使用死刑为立场，从死刑的起源、死刑的存废、死刑的改革等多角度思考我国死刑制度的命运。我认为在我国现阶段并不具备废除死刑的条件，在以后相当长的一段时间内都有保留死刑的必要。在现阶段，可以慎用死刑，严格限制死刑使用，从政治、经济、民意、立法等各方面入手，积极推进死刑改革，为以后顺利过渡到完全废除死刑做好铺垫，才是针对我国现状的合理死刑观。
【关键词】：死刑，存废，改革
Summer has political chaos and make “Yu Xing”, the business has chaotic politics and make “Tang Xing”, have a week to be chaotic and make “nine punishment”.” Penalty as a weapon for the state to maintain social order, has always been valued by the ruling class. From the Xia and Shang Hai, Paolo, preserved in the spring and Autumn period, cooking, burning, twisting, zhe thill, cut, cut, Shenhe, decapitated, massacre, and punish, abandoned city after the Tang Dynasty to death, until now the shot, with the change of the times, the death penalty execution style changes constantly. Since modern times, with the rise of humanism and the popularization of the concept of human rights, the death penalty, because of its cruel and anti human nature began to be questioned. Personally think that the death penalty is the two sides of a coin, is a double-edged sword, is a national political, economic, social, customs and culture in miniature. Whether a country wants to abolish the death penalty depends on whether it has the social material and cultural conditions. In this paper, the strict limit and the use of death penalty as a stand, from the death penalty, the death penalty, the death penalty, the death penalty reform and other aspects of our country’s death penalty system. In my opinion, there is no need to abolish the death penalty in our country at this stage, and it is necessary to keep the death penalty for a long period of time. At this stage, can cautiously uses the death penalty strictly limit the use of the death penalty, from various aspects of politics, economy, public opinion and legislation, and actively promote the reform of the death penalty, for a smooth transition to completely abolish the death penalty to pave the way, it is reasonable for the situation of our country’s concept of death.
【Key words】: death penalty,reform
摘要…………………………………………………………… 1
Abstract……………………………………………………….. 2
目 录…………………………………………………………. 3
引言…………………………………………………………… 4
一、死刑的定义和起源……………………………………………. 5
（一）死刑的定义…………………………………………….. 5
（二）死刑的起源…………………………………………….. 5
- 血亲复仇………………………………………………. 5
- 祭祀………………………………………………….. 5
- 战争………………………………………………….. 5
二、关于废除我国死刑的正反论述…………………………………… 5
（一）支持死刑的存在…………………………………………. 6
- 死刑具有无可比拟的威慑力……………………………….. 6
- 民意与死刑制度………………………………………… 7
（二）反对死刑的存在…………………………………………. 8
- 死刑并没有支持者们想象的具有足以维持社会稳定的威慑力…….. 8
- 死刑制度有悖于天赋人权论……………………………….. 8
- 死刑是误杀、错杀、草菅人命的根源……………………….. 8
- 死刑不利于对被害人的赔偿……………………………….. 8
- 死刑的存在有损国家的形象……………………………….. 8
- 废除死刑是国内法与国外法接轨的需要……………………… 8
三、世界死刑存废概况……………………………………………. 9
四、我国死刑制度的未来………………………………………….. 9
（一）不具备废除死刑的政治条件……………………………….. 9
（二）不具备废除死刑的经济条件……………………………….. 9
（三）不具备废除死刑的社会条件……………………………….. 9
（四）不具备废除死刑的人文精神………………………………. 10
五、针对我国死刑制度的建议……………………………………… 10
（一）进一步限制死刑使用范围………………………………… 10
（二）进一步限制施用死刑主体………………………………… 10
（三）进一步限制死刑的法律情形………………………………. 10
（四）严格死刑复核过程………………………………………. 10
（五）实行死刑缓期执行制度………………………………….. 11
六、关于死刑改革的看法…………………………………………. 11
(一) 加强司法独立…………………………………………… 11
(二) 严禁刑讯逼供…………………………………………… 11
(三) 死缓制度的进一步完善和发挥……………………………… 12
(四) 扩大终身监禁的适用范围…………………………………. 12
(五) 死刑复核不能留于形式……………………………………. 12
结束语………………………………………………………… 13
参考文献………………………………………………………. 13
