构建牡丹江市农户参与农业产业化新形态的问题研究
摘要
自2004年以来，中央一号文件连续8年以振兴农业为主题提出解决三农问题的一系列纲要，它体现出我国政府对我国农村经济的关注。上个世纪90年代，我国开始在农村推广农业产业化来促进农村经济的发展与农业产业结构的完善，成为我国继家庭联产承包责任制、乡镇企业发展后的重大农村改革。在过去的几年里，我国的农业产业化取得了一定的成效，也存在不少问题。本文选择以牡丹江农业产业化为例，探讨发展牡丹江农业产业化的新形态。通过对牡丹江农业产业化现状和特点的论述，本文总结了牡丹江农业产业化过程中存在的问题，并针对性的构建了三种农业产业化新形态，并提出了相应的对策来确保新形态的形成，促进牡丹江农业产业化的发展。本文的重要结论如下：
牡丹江目前农业产业化的现状呈现出以下特点：龙头企业潜在的牵动能力强；企农利益联结日益紧密；农业产业化模式多样化；农产品市场占有份额逐渐提高。但是也存在以下问题：农户参与农业产业化缺乏可靠组织的依赖；农户与龙头企业市场势力极其不对称；农业产业化链条节点少；龙头企业数量不足；政府公共品供给与社会服务品供给不足。
对牡丹江地区的农业产业化发展的现状、特点、存在的问题进行了细致的分析，发现当前牡丹江农业产业化过程中，存在的突出问题表现在农业产业化组织形式和组织形式的运行效率方面，从农业产业化的参与主体来说，农业产业化的问题主要存在于农户、专业合作社、龙头企业以及三者的相互利益联结机制问题上。本文试图通过改善牡丹江农业产业化的微观组织运营主体特征、改善农业市场结构、增加龙头企业数量和经济带动性三方面，重塑农业产业化的新形态，并就牡丹江农业产业化新形态下的农业产业化运行机制进行说明。本文设计了三种农业产业化新形态，包括农业生产组织+企业+目标消费市场、针对国际市场的“农业生产组织+科研单位+企业+外贸公司”形式和针对国内市场的“农业生产组织+科研单位+加工企业+物流业+现代商业”形式。在促进这些新形态的形成方面，本文提出了以下对策和建议：增加政府公共品和社会服务品的供给；旅游业辅助特有农产品品牌的创建；强化对产业化内部各部门的监管；密切产、学、研的经济关联；努力发展现代物流业和现代商业；依托现代信息技术打造农业产业化发展的坚实平台。
关键词：农业产业化；牡丹江；新形态；
Abstract
Since2004, Central Government No.1 Documents have taken Agricultural issues as the topic to improve Agricultural economy for 8 years. It reflects the concern of the Chinese Government on China’s rural economy. The last century, the 1990s, China began the implementation of the industrialization of agriculture to promote rural economic development and the improvement of agricultural structure. The industrialization of agriculture has become a major rural reform in China following the household contract responsibility system, the development of township enterprises.
In the past few years, China’s industrialization of agriculture has made certain achievements, there are also many problems. Mudanjiang agricultural industry as the object of study, this paper explores a new form of development of the Mudanjiang agriculture industrialization. After the discussion on general status and characteristics of Mudanjiang agricultural industrialization, the author summarizes the problems in the Mudanjiang agricultural industrialization process, and targeted to build the new shape of the three types of agricultural industrialization, and to propose appropriate measures to ensure the formation of new forms of, promote the development of agricultural industrialization in Mudanjiang. The conclusions are as follow:
Mudanjiang the current status of agricultural industrialization shows the following characteristics: strong potential will affect the ability of the leading enterprises; corporate agricultural interests of the increasingly close links; diversification of agricultural industrialization model; agricultural market share gradually improve. But there is also the following question: Farmers’ Participation in the industrialization of agriculture dependent on the lack of reliable organizations; extremely asymmetric market power of farmers and leading enterprises; agricultural industrial chain node; insufficient number of leading enterprises; government supply of public goods and the insufficient supply of social services products.
After the analysis of the status of development of agricultural industrialization in Mudanjiang area, characteristics, problems, the paper concluded, there are two main outstanding problems existing in the Mudanjiang agricultural industrialization process, a form of organization of the industrialization of agriculture is not perfect, the forms of organization are running inefficiently. From the participation of the principal of the industrialization of agriculture, agricultural industrialization, farmers, professional cooperatives, leading enterprises, as well as three of the mutual interests linking mechanism. This paper attempts to improve the microstructure operation of the main characteristics of the industrialization of agriculture in Mudanjiang, improve the structure of agricultural markets, increase the number of leading enterprises and the economy will bring in three areas, and reshape the new form of agricultural industrialization, and Mudanjiang agricultural industrialization of the new form agricultural industrialization operation mechanism described. This paper designed 3 new forms of the agricultural industrialization, including “organization of agricultural production+enterprises+target consumer market”,” the organization of agricultural production+research unit+enterprise+foreign trade companies” in the form of the international market and domestic market “organization of agricultural production+research unit+enterprises+ the logistics industry+modern commercial form”. How to promote these new forms of formation? In this paper, the following strategies and recommendations: to increase the government’s public goods and social services, the supply of goods; the creation of tourism auxiliary unique brand of agricultural products; strengthen the supervision on the industrialization of the various departments within; close industry, academia, research and economic relevance; effortsthe development of modern logistics industry and modern commerce; based on modern information technology to build a solid platform for development of agricultural industrialization.
Key words: Agricultural Industrialization; Mudanjiang; New Forms
