论违约责任与侵权责任的竟合
摘要
我国民法责任主要分为违约责任和侵权责任两大类，违约的民事责任与侵权的民事责任是最基本的两类民事责任。在民事法律领域，责任之竞合也主要发生于违约责任与侵权责任之间。所谓违约责任与侵权责任之竞合，是指不法行为人的同一行为既违反合同法的有关规定，符合违约责任之构成要件，又违反侵权行为法的有关规定，符合侵权责任之构成要件，因此而产生违约的民事责任与侵权的民事责任相互冲突的现象。这两种责任都以赔偿损失为主要内容，因此债权人不能双重请求，只能主张其一，以防其获得不当得利。违约责任与侵权责任的竞合，在我国法律上经常发生于买卖、加工承揽、建设工程承包、货物运输、租赁、服务、赠与、技术开发和技术服务等合同场合。
关键词：违约责任；侵权责任；竟合
On the Relationship between Liability for Breach of Contract and Tortious Liability
Abstract
The civil liability of our country is divided into two major categories: liability for breach of contract and tort liability. Civil liability for breach of contract and civil liability of infringement is the most basic two kinds of civil liability. In the field of civil law, the responsibility of the competition also occurred mainly between breach of contract and tort liability. The alleged act of breach of contract and tort liability means that the same act of the wrongful act violates the relevant provisions of the contract law, conforms to the constituent elements of the liability for breach of contract and violates the relevant provisions of the tort law and conforms to the constituent elements of the tort liability. And the civil liability of default and the civil liability of infringement conflict with each other. These two responsibilities are based on compensation for the loss of the main content, so the creditors can not double request, can only claim one, to prevent its unjust enrichment. Breach of contract and tort liability in China’s law often occurs in the sale, processing contract, construction contracting, cargo transport, leasing, service, gift, technology development and technical services and other contract occasions.
Keywords: breach of contract responsibility; tort liability;
目录
一、引言
二、违约责任及侵权责任的概述
（一）违约责任的概念
（二）违约责任的特征
（三）违约责任的构成要件
（四）侵权责任概述
（五）侵权责任的构成要件
三、违约责任与侵权责任的区别
（一）行为主体不同
（二）保护法益不同
（三）构成要件不同
（四）规则原则和举证责任不同
（五）民事责任形式方面存在区别
（六）免责事由不同
（七）损害赔偿不同
四、违约责任与侵权责任的竞合概述
（一）违约责任与侵权责任竞合的定义及逻辑结构
（二）责任的竞合构成
（三）违约责任与侵权责任竞合的特征
1、当事人之间存在合同关系
2、违约责任的承担
3、同一不法行为违反两个或两个以上民事法律规范
4、数个民事责任相互冲突
（四）责任竞合情况下的诉讼当事人范围
1、原告选择违约责任时，诉讼当事人的范围
2、原告选择侵权责任时，诉讼当事人的范围
3、受损害的合同一方当事人作不同的诉讼选择，对诉讼双方当事人范围的影响
（五）违约责任与侵权责任竞合竞合的分类
1、买卖合同中的竞合
2、租赁合同中的竞合
3、运输合同中的竞合
4、加工承揽合同中的竞合
五、对中国未来侵权责任和违约责任的展望
（一）完善侵权责任和违约责任的理论研究
（二）扩大损害赔偿范围，加大对权利人的保护力度
（三）全面、合理保护当事人的合法权益
（四）细化当事人请求权的限制
参考文献
